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History England Flashcards

1
Q

what is the order of catholics to protestants

A

catholics
arminians
church of England
Puritan
Quakers

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2
Q

what were arminians

A

Protestant but they had rituals, rich church decoration, incence, vestments, bishops similar to catholics

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3
Q

what was the church of England
(Anglicans)

A

This was a compromise there were rituals but limited church decoration. Head of the church was the monarch

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4
Q

What were puritans

A

Extreme protestants which had strictly no church decoration with no bishops
focus on private prayer and main religion in Scotland

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5
Q

What were Quakers

A

From the 1650s onward
They were self governing communitees (no bishops)
Believed god shone through in everything , pacifists , refused oaths, focus on private prayer and no rituals. Only spoke when they felt like god wanted them to speak.

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6
Q

What was the order of sucession from 1603-1701
The stuarts

A

James I (1603-25)
Charles I (1625-49)
Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658)
Richard Cromwell (sept 58-mar 59)
Charles II (1660-1685)
James II (1685-88)
William of orange (1689-1702)

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7
Q

What were the years of charles personal rule

A

1629-40

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8
Q

What army did Oliver Cromwell command

A

The new model army with Fairfax

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9
Q

What was the new model army

A
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10
Q

What year was restoration

A

1660

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11
Q

what religion were the scottish

A

Presbyterian

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12
Q

what religion were the irish

A

catholic

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13
Q

what religion were england

A

arminian

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14
Q

When did Charles I marry

A

Charles married Henrietta Maria in 1625, this had a bad reaction as people didn’t want a Catholic queen. French Catholic princess. They hated the french and puritans weren’t happy. Charles begins to promote arminianism

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15
Q

What did the parliament do to Charles in 1625

A

They refused to grant him tunage and poundage. This gave parliament the power because he had to re ask every year

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16
Q

What was the state of affairs when charles came to power in 1625

A

In 1625 the treasury was empty and had just failed in attack on Cadiz and war with france after they made peace with spain

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17
Q

What year did charles dissolve parliament in order to stop buckingham being impeached

A

1626

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18
Q

what year was the duke of buckingham assassinated

A

1628

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

What did royal interference with parliament lead to

A

Royal interference meant that parliament restricted tonnage and poundage. Meaning he made the forced loan

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21
Q

What did charles do as a result of not being granted tonnage and poundage

A

Creates the forced loan in 1627 which was forced upon all tax payers. Without parliament, this led to the five knights case

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22
Q

What was the five knights case

A

The five knights case was when a group of five knights refued to pay the forced loan and were imprisoned without trial. This went against habeas corpus, so petition of right was made.

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23
Q

What did the five knights case result in

A

It resulted in the petition of right 1628 which was a document which set out the limit of the kings power. Went against the king because he believed in the divine right of kings so believed that anyone who challenged him was imprisoned.

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24
Q

How long was charles personal rule

A

“11 years of tyranny”

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25
What years was the personal rule
1629-1640
26
What was the treaty of madrid 1630
Peace between england and spain after the anglo-spanish war 1625-30 This re established trades and saved england lots of money
27
Why was 1629 peace with france significant
This saved a lot of money by stopping further war and naval spends
28
When did Charles call parliament for its second session
1629
29
What did charles do to raise funds
crown lands - he started taxing people who built on crown lands Monopolies - popish soap (controversial as it was a catholic company) Ship money- tax payed by people living on the coast Money increases but popularity decreases
30
What was the chruch like in 1629
Laud became archbishop of canterbury in 1633 who was an arminian which the puritans strongly disliked changes within were bishops became in contoll of the clergy leading to more rituals, stained glass and hierarchy Catholic influences increased in church
31
Was there any resistance during the personal rule
Yes from pym and his allies, these puritans challenged his pollicies
32
What happened in 1637 regarding ship money
John hampden went on trial for resisting to pay ship money only 20% of expected rev from ship money
33
Who were the three puritans that were punished for questioning laudian reforms 1637 and what happened
Burton, Bastwick and prynne had their ears chopped off and branded was considered too harsh and sympathy for puritans increased
34
Why was the hampden trail significant
Hampden lost the case 7-5 which highlights the backlash for ship money
35
How did Charles try to standardise worship in Scotland
Charles tried to standardise worship by intoducing the book of cannons 1636 and 1637 common book of prayer
36
What happened during the personal rule regarding church
Laud (arminian) was promoted in 1628 to bishop of london then in 1633 became the archbishop churches changed because of the controll of clergy by bishops - made it more hierarchal and ritual more catholic like stained glass catholic influence in courts increased henrietta marias influence
37
When did charles recall parliament
march 1640 but shuts after 3 weeks (short parliament)
38
When was the first bishops war
1639 ends with a peace trdeaty as charles has no army treaty of berwick then leads to tax payer strike in england 1639-1640
39
When was the second bishops war
1640 scots invaded charles had to pay 850£ a day to occupy newcastle ended in treaty of ripon sept showed hus determination lack of funding long parliament met in december
40
how did parliamentary actions lead to the civil war
parliaments actions: pyms junto pushed to pass legislation to limit the kings power wentworth and laud were both arrested in 1640, impeached ain 41 and wentworth executed 41 triennial act 1641 parliament had to be called once every three years 10 propositions 1641 - parliament wanted more power pym also sent grand remonstrate passes by 11 showing the divide
41
How did actions in ireland lead to the civil war
catholic uprising 1641 runmours of 200,000 protestant deaths lead to widespread panic and fear of ctaholicism
41
How did charles actions lead to civil war
he attempted to arrest 5 mps inc pym and hampden mps escape charles flees london showing how parliament has more power
42
How did laud treat those who criticised him
burton baswick and prynn had their ears cut off
43
What were the two sides in the civil war
royalist/cavalier- kings side parliamentarian/roundhead- parliament supports/pym
44
1642 who had the advantagte
equal royalist had no money parliamentary won battle of edge hill but had to retreat to oxford
45
1643 who had the advantage
royalists mainly because of pyms death in dec after he prevents peace
46
1644 who had the advantage
parliamentary after winning the battle of marston moor
47
1645 who had the advantage
parliamentarty with the creation of the new model army under sir thomas fairfax with 22,000 men
48
1646 final year who had the advantage
charles surrenders to scots in newcatsle parl offered newcastle proposals parl wanted to dissolve nma without pay cromwell then emerges as leader
49
1647 putney debates
levellers wanted to be more radical
50
When was the second civil war
1648-49
51
What happened december 1647
Charles formed a seceret agreement with the scots presbyterian church in return of millitary support parliament voted to not make any more negotiations with charles
52
1648 second war
cromwell defetats scots in battle of preston
53
What was prides purge
Thomas prides regiment dec 1648 entered the house of commons and removed any mps in favour of charles 231 this left the rump parliament
54
Jan 1649
charles was put on trial and executed on 30th jan
55
What issues did the rump deal with
the levellers: used army and shot leaders lack of support from nobility: hale commision for reform of the law finance: sold crown lands to maintain army but laws were very expensive ireland: cromwell massacre scotland : cromwell defeats scots in dunbar 1650 anglo dutch war: monthly assesemnt tax
56
What was the nominated assembly
the nominated assembly was in 1653 after tghe rump was dissolved barebones
57
What was the first protectorate parl 1654-1655
460 mps elected every 5 years religious freedom apart from catholics
58
what was the rule of the major generals
in 1655 pebnruddocks uprising 11 districts ran b y a major general who answered to cromwell to supress rebelious or religious problems the second protectorate offered cromwell the crown
59
when was cromwells rule
1653-1658 58-60 richard
59
When did cromwell die
Dies 1658 richard becomes lord protector no support from army and forced to resign general monk marches back from soctland and demands the stuarts back
59
What was the humble petition and advice
new constatitution was based on the return of the monarchy the humble petition was the new constitution he didnt accept became lord protector
60
1660 decloration of breda
charles II stuarts are back pardons crimes in civil war lots of support
61
61
61
How was military support a cause for the instability
politiclisation of the army by 1647 led to infiltration of levellers major generals second civil war led to the execution prides purge general monk ended protecterate fear of peremnat millitary state
61
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economics (37 decks)

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