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Biology topic 4 bioenergetics > history: Elizabeth > Flashcards

history: Elizabeth Flashcards

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1
Q

In what year did the Pope introduce a Bull excommunicating Elizabeth?

A

1570

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2
Q

Why was this significant?

A

Why was this significant Because English Catholics did not have to be loyal to Elizabeth

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3
Q

When was the Treason Act?

A

1571

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4
Q

What did it state?

A

Anyone denying Elizabeth’s supremacy and bringing in the Pope Bull of excommunication will be executed

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5
Q

Who were the Jesuits?

A

A group of Catholics committed to serving the Pope

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6
Q

What was the aim of Jesuit preisrts in Eng;land

A

To gain obnflunce over rich and powerful families and turn them against Elizabeth

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7
Q

When did the Jesuit missionaries start coming to England?

A

1580

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8
Q

Who was Edmund Champion?

A

An English Jesuit Priest and the most famous Catholic missionary

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9
Q

What happened to Champion when he was captured in 1581?

A

he was tortured and executed

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10
Q

What was recusancy ?

A

Refusal to attend Church of England services

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11
Q

When was the fine for recusancy raised to £20?

A

1581

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12
Q

In what year were large gatherings of Catholics banned?

A

1593

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13
Q

What % of Catholics were recusants by the end of Elizabeth reign?

A

read aloud

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14
Q

When was the Catholic threat at it greatest?

A

1580s

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15
Q

By when had the Catholic threat disappeared?

A

late 1590s

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16
Q

In what year was the Radolfi plot?

A

1571

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17
Q

In what year was the Throckmorton?

A

1583

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18
Q

When was the Babington plot?

A

1586

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19
Q

Who was Babington?

A

A Catholic recusant and organiser of the plot to kill Elizabeth and place Mary on the Throne

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20
Q

Why did Mary become involved in the Babington plot?

A

Because she had been locked up for 20 years

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21
Q

How did the plot unfold?

A

Walsingham was aware of the plot an allowed it to develop to the point where Mary agreed to the assassination of Elizabeth

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22
Q

What happened to Mary?

A

She was found guilty of treason and without Elizabeth knowing, she was beheaded

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23
Q

What was the impact of her beheading?

A

Limited –
English Catholics did not rise up against Elizabeth
Although Philip of Spain did launch the Armada is was not a direct consequence of Marys execution

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24
Q

Why did Britain develop trading routes during the Elizabethan era?

A

To bring in Expensive goods eg silk

To bypass the taxes that had to be payed to the Ottoman Turks

The triangular lateen sail meant ships could sail in any direction regardless of the wind

The chance to get rich

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25
Q

What were privateers?

A

People who had been given a licence by Elizabeth to steal from England’s enemies

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26
Q

What was the Eastland company? What was the Levant company?
What was the East India company? Who was John Hawkins?

A

A company formed in 1579 which traded Timber and rope with Scandinavia
A company that traded good such as dyes and in the Mediterranean
A company formed in 1600 that traded in the far east in Silks, spices and tea
A slave trader. He traded slaves captured in West Africa in the Caribbean making him very wealthy.

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27
Q

How did John Hawkins increase the tension between the Spanish and the English?

A

He lost was the battle of Battle of San Juan de Ulúa in 1568 increasing anti – Spanish feeling in the English court

28
Q

Who was Sir Walter Raleigh?

A

An English explorer who attempted to develop colonies in modern day north America

29
Q

What were the aims of Raleigh’s explorations?

A

He was given a Royal Patent to establish a Colony to gain control North America. It was hoped that England would gain control of goods such as wine and oil.

To ease the problems of poverty and overpopulation – people could be sent abroad

30
Q

How successful was Raleigh?

A

Both Raleigh’s attempts at Colonisation failed

31
Q

What impact did his voyages have

A

He developed the idea that colonies could be set in North America and Virginia was settled by English colonisers after Elizabeth’s death

32
Q

Who was sir Francois Drake?

A

A Privateer, successful captain who circumnavigated the globe 1577-80

33
Q

What motivated Drake?

A

Money and a love of England

34
Q

What problems did Drake face when circumnavigating the globe

A

Rough seas
Pirates
The Spanish

35
Q

Why was Drakes circumnavigation an achievement?

A

Only the second man in History to achieve this

He was the first Englishman to achieve this

Drake returned with £400,000 in treasure with Elizabeth getting £200,000 of that more than her entire income for a year

36
Q

How was Drake viewed as a result of his circumnaviagation?

A

He was seen as a hero by the English,

37
Q

Why was King Phillip Hostile to Elizabeth and England?

A

Elizabeth had rejected him as a possible husband

As a devout Catholic Philip saw Elizabeth as a heretic

English Privateers stole from Spanish ships

38
Q

What was the Spanish Netherlands?

A

A Protestant country, controlled byy Spain which had strong trading links with England

39
Q

What was England’s role in the war between the Spanish and the Spanish Netherlands?

A

In 1585 England sent 7000 troops under Dudley’s command to help the Dutch rebels. England and Spain were now at war

40
Q

When did the armada leave?

A

May 1588

41
Q

How did the Spanish contribute together defeat of the Spanish Armada?

A

The Duke of Medina Sedonia who led the Armada was not an experienced Seaman and so made poor decisions

Medina Sedonia was not in communication with the Duke of Parma making an invasion nearly impossible

42
Q

What role did the English play in the Spanish defeat?

A

Experienced seaman leading the fleet e.g. Lord Howard and Sir Francis Drake used effective tactics eg hit and run

English ships kept their distance making the Spanish cannons ineffective as they could only fire a relatively short distance

43
Q

What role did luck play in the defeat of the Spanish Armada?

A

The wind changes direction and blew the Armada in to the North sea making it impossible to meet up with Parma. This was called the “Protestant wind”

44
Q

Who were the gentry?

A

People who had no title but had status and power based on their wealth

45
Q

How did the gentry’s rise effect England?

A

More manor houses were developed and fashions began to change

46
Q

How many theatres were there in England in 1559?

A

0

47
Q

What law was passed against actors in 1572 and what did it do?

A

That actors were to be punished as vagabonds as they were immoral people who caused trouble wherever they went

48
Q

In what year was the first Theatre opened?

A

1576

49
Q

What were the three main theatres in Elizabethan England?

A

The Rose, The Swan, The Globe

50
Q

How were Elizabethan theatres designed?

A

There was an uncovered circular pit (for the poor) surrounded by covered seating (for the high class)

51
Q

Name a famous actor

A

Richard Burbage

52
Q

Why did the rich like the theatre?

A

It was a chance to have an exciting night out – often theatres were built in areas with a bad reputation

They could be entertained but could do so while being separated from the poor

53
Q

Why did the poor like the theatre?

A

It was cheap and often built in poor areas so easy to access

54
Q

What group disliked the theatre and why?

A

Puritans – they thought it encourage immoral behaviour

55
Q

Why did Elizabeth and her government support the theatre after initially disliking it?

A

London had a population of 200,000 1600 – entertainment kept them occupied and less likely to rebel

A plays content could be policed so that present the Queen and her government in a positive way

56
Q

Which Play presented the Tudors (including Elizabeth) in a positive way?

A

Richard III

57
Q

What was the great chain of being?

A

The idea that everything and everyone had a correct place in the world and that if this was challenged it would lead to chaos

58
Q

What were the two main causes of poverty?

A

The population rose by 43% between 1550 and 1600. Things like food and jobs became more difficult to get causing poverty.

Prices went up but wages stayed the same meaning people had less money

59
Q

Why did poverty become more of a problem in the 1590s?

A

Because there were poor harvest 1593-97 meaning there was less food and increasing prices

60
Q

Why did poverty become a serious issue in Elizabethan England?

A

The monasteries had been closed by Henry VIII and this is where most of the poor were looked after meaning there was no one to look after them and nowhere to go

61
Q

Which group of poor people were looked upon more favourably than the rest?

A

The impotent poor - those unable to provide for themselves because they were too young, too old or too ill.

62
Q

Which group of poor people were looked upon less favourably than the rest?

A

The idle poor- vagabonds, those who were fit to work but chose not to and committed crimes

63
Q

How did the local government deal with the poor?

A

In Norwich Alms (money for the poor) was collected and work was provided them in the workhouse (a house where people worked0

64
Q

What was the poor law?

A

the governments solution to the poverty problem

65
Q

When was the poor law passed?

A

1597

66
Q

How did the poor law work?

A

A “poor rate was collected (a tax) and this paid for the workhouse and relief payments for the deserving poor”

67
Q

What were the successes and failures of the poor law?

A

Success – it helped preserve the social order and there were no rebellions

Failures – Poverty continued to increase even after the Poor law was introduced

Biology topic 4 bioenergetics (2 decks)

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