History Early Republic Flashcards
Articles of Confederation
A document made of fear of a tyranny, limited the powers of congress. They could declare war, set currency, and a set of measurement systems. But it couldn’t tax. Only successful thing that came out of it was the land Ordinance of 1785.
James Madison
4th president, father of the U.S. Constitution, contributed toe bill of rights, virginia plan, and separation of powers.
Shay’s Rebellion
The result of farmers losing their land due to high taxes and limited currency. People’s land would be taken if they did not have money to pay their taxes. Turning point to the Virginia Constitution
3/5 compromise
3/5 of the slave population would count towards the vote. North and South agreed. If slaves had an excise tax, 3/5 of the tax money would be collected from the south
New Jersey Plan
Unicameral legislature where every state received equal representation and there would be one house
Checks and Balances/Key powers
Each Branch has a particular power and check. Congress makes laws, Executive/Prez, can veto, override veto, and execute laws .
Federalists
John Adams and Hamilton were federalists. Federalists support the constitution approval and somewhat favored the British during the war. Argued a strong central government was needed. Wanted a powerful government.
Anti-Federalists
Don’t support the constitution approval. HELL NO
Federalists Paper
Papers that helped convince people to support the Constitution. It targeted New York.
Alexander Hamilton
Federalist. He advocated for a National Bank, he established the whiskey tax, and the fed government took on the states debts to strengthen the national government
Bill of Rights
First 10 amendments. 1st freedom of speech, 2nd amendment; right to bear arms, and 4-8th amendments Protects unlawful search and seizure, fair trials
Democratic-republicans
Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson. People who opposed the Constitution fearing that it gave too much power to the government. Founded by Jefferson and Madison. Appeals to the uneducated masses. Masses believed that the government should be weaker and not stronger.
Kentucky and Virginia Plan.
Thomas Jefferson wrote kentucky and James Madison wrote virginia. Both knew that what they were writing was unconstitutional. The plan claims a state can ignore federal law which created disunity within the states.
Election of 1800
The peaceful transition of power. When John Adams (federalist) gave the power to Thomas Jefferson (Dem-Rep)
Embargo Acts
Before 1812 war, the French were attacking our ships and Jefferson does boycott: no trading with Europe. The British would invade ships and would take men who “look” british. The boycott almost fails, but it starts the industrial revolution.
American System
Meant to unite the country
South doesn’t need system
Benefits the north most
Industrial Revolution
Was unintentionally started by Thomas Jefferson- the embargo acts. They began with Samuel Slater, he builds the first real factory. Around 1795 is roughly when the revolution begins. Watt-steam engine was the invention that made the revolution explode. identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
Land Ordinance of 1785
Land Ordinance of 1785 was a law passed by the Confederation Congress to regulate the sale of western lands. It established a system for surveying and dividing land into “townships,” land was sold to settlers to pay off debt from the war, goal was to encourage westward expansion
Northwest Ordinance
Laws set for the Northwest Territory
Montesquieu/ John Locke/ Rousseau
Montesquieu called for separations of powers/ so was Rousseau. John Lock feels as though people’s rights have some limits, while Rousseau was the opposite. John Locke feared the threat of anarchy (like fed) M and R (dem-rep) more concerned about tyranny.
Whiskey Rebellion
A protective tariff. Passed by Georgie and Hamilton. Pennsylvania revolts and George and Hamilton organize a Malta to stop the revolters who were trying to converse with Canada. This was a chance for Georgie to prove that the new government was fair but powerful. The main traitors were put onto trial
Constitutional Convention
The convention was a meeting held in Philadelphia in 1787, where 12 of the 13 state delegates came to revise the Articles, but after many discussions it was clear that they needed to create a whole new document. Georgie was the prez of the convention.
Virginia Plan
Came from Madison. 2 houses Bicameral. Legislature based on population.
Connecticut/Great compromise
At the convention, one issue that was argued upon was how states were going to be represented in the new government. This led to the Great compromise, which created a bicameral legislature: the senate (equal rep for all states) and the house of rep ( rep based on population)
Branches of government
Congress/Legislative makes laws. Executive is the Prez. Executing laws, veto, and override, Judicial interpret and judge laws. Supreme Court
Thomas Jefferson
Did the Louisiana Purchase, passes the embargo act, and in the Articles he got rid of th4e navy because he was scared that the navy would be a threat.
Ratification
Agreement or contract
National Bank
Would issue paper money to prevent panics. Alexander Hamilton stepped forward with a plan to establish a national bank
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien acts were targeted at immigrants-Jefferson feared immigrants. Sedition acts WERE unconstitutional,, violated the 1st amendment, you would be taken if you talked badly about the government.
Marbury vs Madison
Supreme Court Case and establishes judicial review
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson bought the Louisiana area and such from France for 15 million dollars.
Henry Clay
Clay championed the “American System,” a plan for economic development that included protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements (roads and canals) to foster a strong national economy
