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Introductory Computer Science (FSC113) > History/Development of Computers > Flashcards

History/Development of Computers Flashcards

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1
Q

State the order of computer developement

A 
Hands, Marks, Stones
Abacus
Pascaline
Adding machine
Calculating machines
Difference machine
Analytical Engine
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2
Q

Who invented the Pascaline?

A

Blaise Pascal

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3
Q

Who invented the adding machine?

A

Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz

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4
Q

Who invented the Difference machine?

A

Sir Charles Babbage

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5
Q

Who invented the Analytical Engine?

A

Sir Charles Babbage

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6
Q

What was the first general-purpose computer?

A

The Analytical Engine

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7
Q

Based on what parameters can computers be classified?

A
  • Age of technology
  • Type of data processing
  • Purpose of creation
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8
Q

What are the classes of computers based on the age of technology?

A

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th generations

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9
Q

First Generation

A
  • 1940 - 1956
  • Used vacuum tubes
  • Circuitary consisting of wires and thermionic valves
  • Enormous in size, occupying large rooms
  • Machine language
  • UNIVAC and ENIAC
  • Expensive to maintain
  • Generated a lot of heat
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10
Q

Second Generation

A
  • 1956 - 1963
  • Used transistors and printed circuits
  • Smaller than 1st generation, cheaper, storage capacity, worked faster
  • Assembly language
  • Stored instructions set in memory
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11
Q

Third Generation

A
  • 1964 - 1971
  • Used semi-conductors and integrated circuits
  • Smaller and easier to maintain
  • Stored program concept
  • Introduction of OS
  • Way faster
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12
Q

Fourth Generation

A
  • 1971 - PRESENT
  • Microprocessors
  • Ubiquitous
  • Database management systems, Word Processing, etc
  • Networking
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13
Q

What are the classes of computer based on data type processed?

A

Analog, Digital, Hybrid

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14
Q

Analog Computers

A

They operate on values presented in the form of continuous values

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15
Q

Hybrid Computers

A

Merge analog and digital computer in one system, combining the high speed of analog and flexibility of analog, e.g. gas pump

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16
Q

Digital Computers

A

Process data represented in the form of discrete values and operate on data in steps,

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17
Q

What are digital computers grouped into?

A

Super
Mainframe
Mini
Micro

18
Q

Super computers

A

For scientific purposes, Processes big information in short time

19
Q

Mainframe computers

A

Expensive, Processes large amounts of data, Fixed at a site

20
Q

Mini computers

A

Physically smaller, Easy to install, Used for small scale general purpose work.

21
Q

Micro computers

A

Versatile, Ubiquitous, Can handle a number of productive functions and applications, Flexible

22
Q

What are the classes of computer based on purpose of creation?

A
  • Special-purpose

- General-purpose

23
Q

Special-purpose computer

A
  • For specific purpose

- Inbuilt programs stored in ROM

24
Q

General-purpose computer

A
  • Not specifically designed for specific duties
  • Main memory is RAM
  • Found in business, commercial and scientific environments
  • Can solve wide range of problems
25
Q

How old was Blaise Pascal when he invented the Pascal machine?

A

19

26
Q

When was the Pascaline invented?

A

1642

27
Q

Who invented calculating machines in England?

A

Samuel Morland

28
Q

When was Leibniz’s calculator invented?

A

1671

29
Q

When was the first automatic calculator developed?

A

1823

30
Q

Where and when did the Abacus originate?

A

China, 7th century BC

31
Q

What was invented in Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1946?

A

Transistor

32
Q

In what generation of computers were printed circuits introduced?

A

2nd generation

33
Q

What was the main memory in the 2nd generation?

A

Magnetic core for main memory, Magnetic tape storage for storing data files

34
Q

In what generation of computers were high level languages introduced?

A

3rd generation

35
Q

Fifth generation

A
  • Data driven, not control driven
  • Introduction of AI
  • Parallel processing
36
Q

What kind of data is processed by analog computers?

A

Continuous data

37
Q

What kind of data is processed by digital computers?

A

Discrete data

38
Q

What are continuous variables?

A

They change frequently within short time intervals

39
Q

What is the word length of a typical minicomputer?

A

12 - 18 bits but commonly 16 bits

40
Q

What kind of computer is a laptop?

A

Micro computer

41
Q

What is the main memory of a special-purpose computer?

A

ROM

42
Q

What is the main memory of a general-purpose computer?

A

RAM

Introductory Computer Science (FSC113) (8 decks)

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