History, Culture, Legal, and Ethical Considerations

Question 1

coined the terms “mental test” in an 1890 publication.

Answer 1

James McKeen Cattell

Question 2

FIRST FOUNDATION OF TESTING

Answer 2

Charles Darwin – theorized about individual
differences “Given that individual members of a species differ, some possess characteristics that are more adaptive or successful in a given environment than are those of other members.”

Francis Galton applied Darwin’s theory to the study of human beings. He aspired to classify people according to their “natural gifts.”

James McKeen Cattell – coined the terms “mental test” in an 1890 publication.

Question 3

SECOND MAJOR FOUNDATION OF TESTING

Answer 3

▪ The study of experimental psychology
▪ E.H. Weber – attempted to demonstrate psychological threshold in humans
▪ Wilhelm Wundt – credited with founding the science of psychology

Question 4

____ fueled the widespread development of group tests.
▪ Robert Yerkes (1921) – President of the American Psychological Association
▪ Amy Alpha and Army Beta were developed

Answer 4

World War I

Question 5

____ developed the first intelligence Test called the Binet-Simon
Scale (1905), a 30-item scale designed to help identify ‘mentally retarded’ Paris schoolchildren.
▪ Revisions made: Year 1908; 1911; 1916
▪ 1916 – Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was introduced in the United States by Lewis Terman

Answer 5

Alfred Binet

Question 6

“the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment”

Answer 6

David Wechsler

Question 7

____: First personality test developed (e.g. Are you troubled with dreams about your work?)

Answer 7

Woodworth Personality Data Sheet