History Context

Question 1

a psychological dysfunction within an individual asso- ciated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected.

Answer 1

psychological disorder

Question 2

a psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation.

Answer 2

phobia

Question 3

refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.

Answer 3

Psychological dysfunction

Question 4

scientific study of psychological disorders.

Answer 4

Psychopathology

Question 5

Many mental health professionals take a scientific approach to their clinical work

Answer 5

scientist-Practitioner

Question 6

In hospitals and clinics, we often say that a patient “presents” with a specific problem or set of problems

Answer 6

presenting problem

Question 7

traditional shorthand way of indicating why the person came to the clinic.

Answer 7

Presents

Question 8

Describing individual’s presenting problem is the first step in determining her _

Answer 8

clinical description

Question 9

Statistical data may also be relevant.

For example, how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder?

Answer 9

prevalence

Question 10

Statistics on how many new cases occur during a given period,

Answer 10

incidence

Question 11

most disorders follow a somewhat individual pattern

Answer 11

course

Question 12

meaning that they tend to last a long time, sometimes a lifetime.

Answer 12

chronic course

Question 13

in that the individual is likely to recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time.

This pattern may repeat throughout a person’s life.

Answer 13

episodic course

Question 14

meaning the disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period with little or no risk of recurrence.

Answer 14

time-limited course

Question 15

The anticipated course of a disorder

Answer 15

prognosis

Question 16

meaning that they begin suddenly; others develop gradually over an extended period

Answer 16

acute onset

Question 17

study of changes in abnormal behavior

Answer 17

developmental psychopathology.

Question 18

Study of abnormal behavior across the entire age span

Answer 18

life-span developmental psychopathology

Question 19

the study of origins, has to do with why a disorder begins (what causes it) and includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions.

Answer 19

Etiology

Question 20

These three models—the supernatural, the biological, and the psychological—are very old but continue to be used today.

Answer 20

supernatural model
biological model
psychological model

Question 21

which various religious rituals were performed in an effort to rid the victim of evil spirits

Answer 21

exorcism

Question 22

patients were shocked back to their senses by applications of ice-cold water.

Answer 22

hydrotherapy

Question 23

large-scale outbreaks of bizarre behavior.

Answer 23

mass hysteria

Question 24

Mass hysteria may simply demonstrate the phenomenon

emotion seems to spread to those around us

Answer 24

emotion contagion

Question 25

the movements of the moon and stars had profound effects on people’s psychological functioning.

Answer 25

lunatic

Question 26

four bodily fluids or humors

Answer 26

sanguine (literal meaning “red, like blood”)

Melancholic (depression was thought to be caused by black bile flooding the brain)