HISTORY CLASS Flashcards
Government
A government is any group of people living together in a country, state, city or local community that live by certain rules. They enforce laws and provide services for their people. They have been around as one of the earliest institutions in history.
Types of Governments
A private government is used in an informal way such as to bring order to a club, family, or corporation. Public governments are used to refer to governments of a nation, state, city, province or village. Global governments are democracies, oligarchies and autocracies.
Autocracy
In autocracy is a government in which one person has all the power. There are two types of autocracy: a monarchy and a dictatorship. An example of a dictatorship is in North Korea. Kim Jong-Un is the dictator.
Monarchy
In a monarchy a king or queen rules the country the king or queen is known as the monarch monarchs usually come to power through a family line. An example is the British Monarchy. King Charles III is the monarch and Prince William (His son) will be the next Crowned King.
Dictatorship
Dictatorship is an extreme form of autocracy. One leader has absolute control over the citizens’ lives. Although other parts of government may exist such as courts or a lawmaking body these branches always do what the dictator wants them to do, they do not represent the citizens. An example of a dictatorship is in Russia, with Putin being the dictator.
Democracy
In a democracy the citizens hold the political power. There are two basic types of democracies.
Representative Democracy
A representative democracy allows citizens to elect leaders to represent their rights and interests in government. The elected leaders do the day- to-day work of governing the country. Citizens hold the ultimate power, though, if they don’t like what their representatives are doing they can vote in new ones. An example of this type of government is the United states. The former president, Joe Biden. is now being replaced with a new one.
Direct Democracy
In a direct democracy there are no representatives. Citizens are directly involved in the day-to-day work of governing the country. The best example of this democracy was in the ancient Greek city-state called Athens; most other modern countries are too large for direct democracy to work.
Oligarchy
In an oligarchy a small group of people have all the power. The Greek word for oligarchy means “rule by a few”. This means that only a certain group has political rights such as members of one political party, one social class, or one race. An example is a junta. A junta is a small group of people, usually Military Officers who rule a country after taking it over by force. It often operates much like a dictatorship except that several people share the power.
Theocracy
A theocracy is a government that recognizes God or a Divine being as the ultimate authority.” Theo is a Greek word that means god.” In a theocracy, religious law is used to settle disputes and rule the people; a theocracy can also be a democracy, dictatorship, monarchy or just any other kind of government. An example is the Republic of Iran. They recognize the Islamic law, but Iran citizens vote to elect their leaders.
Anarchy
In an anarchy nobody, yet everybody is in control depending on the way that you look at it. Sometimes the word Anarchy is used to refer to an out of control mob. It would be similar to the way animals live in the wild with everyone looking out for themselves. Today people who call themselves anarchists usually believe that the people should be allowed to freely associate together without being subject to any form of Nation or government.
Tribe
A tribe is a collection of families usually led by a male member of the community. Tribes are bound together by social relationships and by sharing beliefs throughout the families.
Matriarchy
The tribes with female leaders are called a matriarchal society.
Patriarchy
Ones led by male influences are called Patriarchal societies.
AD
After the birth of Jesus.
CE
Common Era, a term used as a non religious alternative to AD.
BCE
Before Common Era, another non religious alternative to BC.
BC
Before Christ.
Buddhism
It spread to China from the period of disunion it originated in China during 500 BCE. It took comfort during the period of decision when everyone was moving.
Confucianism
A system of social and ethical philosophy rather than a religion.
Sui Dynasty
589-618 AD Even though it was short-lived and reunited the entirety of China. They created gunpowder and repaired the Great Wall of China. They also created the Grand Canal, Yang and Huang rivers, and linked the North and the South. They took place after the period of disunion, And the leaders consisted of Yang Jan, and emperor Wen.
Period of disunion
It lasted between 220 AD and 589 AD China was made up of separate small kingdoms. The North had nomadic tribes while the South had brief dynasties. During this time clothes, music art and Buddhism spread.
Heiarchy
a system of organizing people into different ranks or levels of importance
Feudalism
Feudalism was a government system of loyalty and promise. This type of government functioned by the trades of land and protection. In order for this to have worked people needed to have trust and faith in each other. The social classes were Kings or queens, vassals and knights, nobles,and peasants or serfs.
