History: Chapters 20-21

Question 1

How were women’s roles changing during the 1920s?

Answer 1

• They were the center of social change in the 1920s
• women were allowed to vote
• still prejudiced in the business field
• some were represented by the flapper image

Question 2

How were the nation’s cities and suburbs affected by Americans on the move from rural areas?

Answer 2

• 6 million moved to cities-mainly agricultural
• African Americans moved North to escape hatred from whites, but they still faced anger and hatred
• immigration was limited from South&East Europe, China, Japan
• Mexicans and Canadians filled low-paying jobs

Question 3

Who were some American heroes of the 1920s? What made them popular with the American public?

Answer 3

• Charles Lindbergh was the first person to fly across the Atlantic Ocean
• Amelia Earhart set records for aviation
• Jack Dempsey was a heavyweight champion
• Jim Thorpe was a pro football player
• Babe Ruth was a record setting baseball player
• Gertrude Ederle was a swimmer

Question 4

flapper

Answer 4

a new type of young woman rebellious, energetic, fun-loving, and bold

Question 5

demographics

Answer 5

statistics that describe a population

Question 6

barrio

Answer 6

Spanish-speaking neighborhood

Question 7

How did the mass media help create common cultural experiences?

Answer 7

It helped to communicate information to large amounts of people

Question 8

Why are the 1920s called the Jazz Age, and how did the jazz spirit affect the arts?

Answer 8

because many types of Americans embraced the music, and it was very popular. Painters showed the true American life, like the jazz singers, and authors wrote about the horrid conditions many people lived through

Question 9

How did the writers of the Lost Generation respond to the popular culture?

Answer 9

They thought that the country had no morals, and so they moved to Paris

Question 10

What subjects did the Harlem Renaissance writers explore?

Answer 10

African and American culture/heritage, anti suffrage, joys and difficulties of being human, black, and American

Question 11

mass media

Answer 11

print, film, and broadcast methods of communicating information to large numbers of people.

Question 12

Jazz Age

Answer 12

nickname for the 1920s

Question 13

Lost Generation

Answer 13

a group of people disconnected from their country and its values

Question 14

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 14

an African American literary awakening of the 1920s

Question 15

What were the effects of Prohibition on society?

Answer 15

• bootleggers appeared
• organized crime: bootleggers joined together to create a larger organization, committed more severe crimes
• Al Capone and other gangsters appeared

Question 16

What issues of religion were at the core of the Scopes Trial?

Answer 16

evolution, whether the Bible was true or not

Question 17

How did racial tensions change after World War 1?

Answer 17

they stay the same, Af. Am. still have racial prejudice and violence

Question 18

bootleggers

Answer 18

suppliers of illegal alcohol

Question 19

speakeasies

Answer 19

bars that operated illegally

Question 20

fundamentalism

Answer 20

a set of beliefs that fundamentalists believe

Question 21

Scopes trial

Answer 21

a 1925 case between Charles Darrow and William Jennings Bryan fought over the teaching of evolution in schools

Question 22

What events fueled the Red Scare of the early 1920s?

Answer 22

• Russian Revolution and rise of Communist Soviet Union
• Russian-backed Communists tried to overthrow Germany’s new gov.
• Communists came to power in Hungary
• Bomb sent through mail and newspaper sensational stories of these events fueled public anxiety.

Question 23

What conflicts led to major labor strikes of 1919?

Answer 23

higher wages, shorter work week

Question 24

How did the Republican leadership during the Harding and Coolidge presidencies shape the 1920s?

Answer 24

• Harding made some good and bad Cabinet appointments
• Foreign policy - did not join League of Nations and called for disarmament
• Corruption scandals came to light before Harding died.
• Coolidge continued laissez-faire approach to business

Question 25

What issues influenced the presidential election of 1928?

Answer 25

Prohibition & religion
Hoover (for prohibition) did best in small towns; Smith (1st Catholic nominated for Pres & against prohibition) won in large cities. Election drew women to vote in large numbers for first time. Hoover won.

Question 26

communism

Answer 26

• the government owned all land and property
• a single political party controlled the government
• lacked individual rights

Question 27

Red Scare

Answer 27

an intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas

Question 28

isolationism

Answer 28

when a country doesn’t make any economic or political alliances with foreign countries

Question 29

disarmament

Answer 29

a program in which the nations of the world would voluntarily give up their weapons

Question 30

quota

Answer 30

numerical limit

Question 31

Teapot Dome scandal

Answer 31

a scandal during Harding’s presidency in which oil drilling rights on government land were traded/sold for money

Question 32

Kellogg-Brand Pact

Answer 32

15 nations pledged to not threaten each other with war

Question 33

What role do businesses and consumers play in the consumer economy?

Answer 33

Increased spending by consumers lead to larger profits for businesses, which raised wages and encouraged more spending. Electric power, persuasive advertising, and the installments plan helped consumers to spend more money in the 1920s. Productivity in factories had to rise as well to keep up with the demand.

Question 34

How were Henry Ford and the automobile important to the 1920s?

Answer 34

He developed a car and sold it at a price people could afford via improved assembly line and taking advantage of economies of scale (dropped price in half); paid workers higher wages and held English classes for foreign-born workers.

Question 35

In what ways did the industrial growth affect the economy in the 1920s?

Answer 35

Automobile making became the nation’s largest industry, new businesses arose to serve automobile travel; rapid business expansion opened up opportunities for small companies

Question 36

Why did the economic boom bypass some people and benefit others?

Answer 36

Unskilled laborers remained poor and their wages and working conditions did not improve with the boom; Need for products after war decreased for farmers, cotton textiles, and railroad workers

Question 37

consumer economy

Answer 37

an economy that depends on a large amount of spending by consumers

Question 38

installment plan

Answer 38

the consumer makes partial payments at set intervals over a period of time until the total debt is paid

Question 39

Gross National Product

Answer 39

the total value of goods and services a country produces annually

Question 40

assembly line

Answer 40

a manufacturing process in which each worker does one special task in the construction of the final product

Question 41

Why did the economy of the late 1920s appear healthy to most Americans?

Answer 41

The stock market (considered the economic weathervane) rose by over $11 billion in 1928 alone. Employees happy with jobs (good wages and benefits)

Question 42

What danger signs were present in the economy of the late 1920s?

Answer 42

• Uneven prosperity: 0.1% of the population held 34% of country’s total savings; 71% of individuals made less than minimum standard of living ($2500) and 80% had no savings.
• Increased personal debt
• Playing the stock market (buying on margin)
• Too many goods, too little demand
• Hardships of farmers and workers in certain industries

Question 43

welfare capitalism

Answer 43

bosses met some of their workers’ demands in order to avoid union intervention, prevent strikes, and keep productivity high

Question 44

speculation

Answer 44

the practice of making high-risk investments in hopes of getting a huge return

Question 45

buying on margin

Answer 45

investors could purchase stock for only a fraction of its price and borrow the rest.