History ch.5 Flashcards
Who were the Patriots?
Patriots (also called Whigs) were Americans who believed the colonies had the right to govern themselves.
Who were the Loyalists?
Loyalists (also called Tories) were colonists who felt a deep loyalty to Great Britain. They saw themselves as faithful subjects of the king.
What was the date of Paul Revere’s ride?
April 18, 1775
What was life like in the colonies before 1763?
Before 1763, the colonies enjoyed life free of British control. Americans governed themselves. Each Colony elected its own assembly. Each assembly decided how tax money should be spent.
What is a militia?
a small army made up of ordinary citizens who are available to fight in an emergency.
What was the conflict in the Ohio Valley?
As the colonies grew, settlers began to dream of moving across the Appalachian Mountains and into the Ohio Valley—the region between the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Both Great Britain and France claimed this area. In 1754, the French made good on their claim by building a fort where the city of Pittsburgh stands today. They called it Fort Duquesne (du-KANE)
Who headed up the Virginia militia to drive the French out of the Ohio Valley?
George Washington
What year was the Ohio Valley conflict
1754
What was the name of the war that followed the Ohio conflict?
The French and Indian War (named because the many Native Americans fought with French)
in 1755, the British sent 1,400 soldiers to Virginia. Who was the name of the “bumbling” general who led the fight?
General Braddock
How long did the French and Indian war last?
seven years
In 1763, Britain and France signed a peace treaty ending the war. What was the result of this treaty?
France ceded, or gave, Canada to Great Britain.
Who became King of England in 1760?
George III, (determined to be a”take charge” kind of ruler, especially in the colonies. This enraged the colonists.
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited settlers from moving west of the Appalachians. King George III hoped this would prevent conflict between colonists and American Indians
What is tyranny?
The unjust use of government power. A ruler who uses power in this way is called a tyrant.
What was the Stamp Act?
The Stamp Act required colonists to buy stamp for all paper products. The colonists reacted angrily to the act. This illustration shows them hanging effigies, or dummies, of British officials. The colonists’ protests forced Parliament to repeal the act.
Why did England create the Stamp Act?
To pay for the debt left over from the French and Indian War.
Why were the colonists so enraged by this act?
“taxation without representation”, none of the colony assemblies has representatives in Parliament, so they had no right to tax them.
What led to the Stamp act getting repealed (or canceled)?
Months of protests.
What was the Quartering Act of 1765?
Called the Quartering Act, this law ordered colonial assemblies to provide British troops with quarters, or housing. The colonists were also told to furnish the soldiers with “candles, firing, bedding, cooking utensils, salt, vinegar, and . . . beer or cider.”
What was the Townshend Act of 1767?
The new laws placed a duty, or tax, on certain goods the colonies imported from Great Britain. These goods included such popular items as glass, paint, paper, and tea.
Who was the Boston Patriot who let the opposition to the Townshend Acts?
Samuel Adams
What is a boycott?
To refuse to buy one or more goods from a certain source. An organized refusal by many people is also called a boycott
What led to the repeal of the Townshend Acts?
Early in 1770, North persuaded Parliament to repeal all of the Townshend duties, except for one—the tax on tea. Some members of Parliament argued that keeping the duty on tea was asking for more trouble. But King George wasn’t ready to give up on the idea of taxing Americans. “I am clear that there must always be one tax to keep up the right,” the king said. “And, as such, I approve the Tea Duty.”
On the same day that Parliament repealed most of the Townshend duties, a fight broke out between soldiers and colonists in Boston. When the dust cleared, five Bostonians were dead and ten were injured.
What did the Patriots call this incident?
Boston Massacre
(A massacre is the killing of defenseless people. What really happened was a small riot)
