History Black Civil Rights Flashcards
When was the American constitution drafted?
1787
When was the bill of rights added to the American constitution
1791
When was the 13th amendment (slavery abolished) passed
1865
When was the 14th amendment (citizenship guaranteed for all races) passed?
1868
When was the 15th amendment (voting rights for all races) passed?
1870
When were the “Jim Crow” laws passed across southern states
1890-1910
What was the outcome of the Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) ?
Plessy claimed that segregation was unlawful because all citizens were guaranteed equal rights under the 14th amendment. However when Plessy took his case to supreme court they decided that it was legal to treat people “separate but equal.”
How many southern AfricanAmericans people migrated to the north in the 1920’s due to the economic boom?
About 500,000
The average pay for Northern African American compared to a northern White American in the 1920’s
50% of the pay of white workers
What stereotype did rich southern white people make up to make relationships with their domestic employes?
‘Good, old time negro’ presented black people happy to serve white people and satisfied with their role in a segregated society.
Who did the kkk target?
Black people who showed any sign of disrespect - people who were romantically involved with white people , black people becoming prosperous and black people challenging segregation
When did president Lincoln declare the emancipation proclamation?
1862
Sarah Patton Boyle who grew up in Virginia in 1910 described the mind set of segregation as ‘racial etiquette’. As a young women she learned to talk down to local blacks. Give examples of the racial etiquette that was in place at this time in Virginia
Whites never calls black people Mr or Mrs and black people were never invited into a white family’s dinning room but could eat together in kitchen or porch
In 1900 how many deaths out of 230 were due to instances of lynching
115
When was the kkk extraordinarily powerful
1915-29 at this time often police officers and judges were also members
What’s the meaning of disenfranchise
Remove someone’s right to vote
What was the ‘grandfathers clause’
A devious “Jim Crow “ law that meant that a person could only vote if there grandfathers were able to vote
When did America enter ww2
1941
When did Roosevelt establish the fair employment practise commission (FEPC) and what was it
1941 it forced industries employed in the war effort not to discriminate on grounds of race, creed, colour or national origin when deciding who to hire
When were the Detroit riots
1943
What caused the Detroit riots ?
It was a riot between black and white citizens of Detroit .
Black leaders said the riot was a response to racial discrimination in terms of housing and jobs aswell as ongoing police brutality towards innocent blacks. Authorities blamed it was due to black trouble makers.
How many died in Detroit riots and how many were injured?
34 people killed and 600 injured.
Most dead or injured were black.
As result of the war the number of unemployed black people fell from (what) to (what) in 1940-45
It fell from 937,000 in 1940 to 151,000 in 1945
Where were many northern blacks trained?
In rural military camps in southern states this for many was first experience of formal segregation
Was the American army segregated at the start of ww2
Yes black soldiers had different canteens and were transported to the battlefield in different vehicles
Blacks soldiers often used the ‘double v sign’ what did this sign mean?
Meaning that they were fighting for 2 victories - victories over racism at home and victories over seas
When was William L. Dawson (first Blackman) elected to the us congress
1943
When was Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Elected to congress ?
1945
Who were the only 2 African American men elected to congress between 1943-55?
William L. Dawson and Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
When was Roosevelt re-elected as president
1944
When did allies win the Second World War ?
1945
When was William Haist appointed a federal judge becoming the first black federal judge
1949
How many missions did Woodrow Crockett(one of the first black pilots) do in the last year of the war
149 missions protecting European harbours
How much money was spent during ww2 to create factories that produce war goods ?
$4.5 billion
By 1945 how many northern states had a population between 5-13%
16 northern States
At first black people couldn’t get jobs in factories during ww2 due to racism. Who threatened to lead a march of black people to Washington unless the gov forced industries to change
A. Phillip Randolph - in response Roosevelt issued an executive order
(order issued by prez changing the way gov operates) creating the FEPC
By 1950 how many black Americans lived in north
Almost a third of all American blacks
By the end of ww2 how many blacks were living in the urban city
48% of black population
Before ww2 what % of African Americans in Southern States could vote ?
Less than 2%
By 1945 what % of the black populations in the south could vote
Approximately 15%
What % of housing for blacks in Washington, D.C. We’re substandard?
40% were as white housing only 12%
When did Truman become president?
1945
We’re was Harry S.truman born?
Border state Missouri
What party was Harry Truman inn?
Democratic Party
African Americans traditionally supported Republican Party. Why?
Because republican Abraham Lincoln freed all slaves in his presidency
When did the Cold War begin?
1945
Between 1882 and 1945 how many lynchings occurred in 5 of the Southern states
Far over 300
When was the presidents (Truman) committees on civil rights
established?
1946
How old was Truman when he joined the kkk?
38
What Did the presidents committee on civil rights have to do?
Produce a report on the experience of racial minorities in America - this report was called “to secure these rights”
When was “to secure these rights” published?
1947
What did to secure these rights do?
Highlight racial inequality in America and proposed radical changes to make America a more just society
What racial inequality did to secure these rights report?
It highlighted lynching Police brutality Voting rights Discrimination in the armed forces Employment and education Racial discrimination in health care
