History Australia In The Modern World Flashcards
To Help Remember Historical Events
What is The Treaty of Versailles
The treaty of Versailles is a peace document that was signed by the allies at the end of World War 2
When was the Treaty of Versailles Signed
Signed: June 28th 1919
Took Force: January 10th 1920
Who are the Big Four in the Treaty of Versailles?
US President: Woodrow Wilsom
French Prime Minister: Georges Clemenceau
Italian Prime Minister:Victorio Orlando
United Kingdom:LLoyd George
Impacts for Germany
Harsh Terms: Germany had to accept Harsh Terms, in which Germany was not allowed to negotiate.
War Guilt Cause: Germany was humiliated, by taking the blame for Starting the War.
Loss of Territory: Germany ceded significant territories to France, Belgium, Denmark, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Lithuania.
Military Restrictions: The German military was severely limited in size and capabilities.
What was the Great Depression
The Great Depression was economic downturn that started in 1929 and lasted until 1939.
What Impacts Did the Great Depression have on Australia
Soaring Unemployment: Australia unemployment rate skyrocketed, reaching a crippling 32% in 1932. This meant hundreds of thousands of Australians were jobless, leaving families struggling to survive.
Economic Collapse: The Wall Street Crash sent shockwaves through Australia’s economy, heavily reliant on exports like wool and wheat. As global demand plummeted, prices crashed, crippling businesses and national income.
What was the Susso?
The Susso, short for “sustenance payments,” was a critical, but minimal, form of government aid during the Great Depression in Australia (1929-1939)
What is the Kokoda Campaign
The Kokoda Track campaign (1942) was a brutal battle fought in Papua New Guinea during World War II.
Context of the Kokoda trail
Goal of the Japanese: Capture Port Moresby, the capital of Papua, to cut off Allied supply lines and threaten northern Australia.
Australian Response: Defend Port Moresby by stopping the Japanese advance along the Kokoda Track, a treacherous mountain path.
What was the aim of the Kokoda trail
Goal of the Japanese: Capture Port Moresby, the capital of Papua, to cut off Allied supply lines and threaten northern Australia.
Australian Response: Defend Port Moresby by stopping the Japanese advance along the Kokoda Track, a treacherous mountain path.
Outcome of the Kokoda Trail
Stalemate: The Australians forced the Japanese to retreat, but at a significant cost.
Australian Losses: Over 600 killed, 1600 wounded, and over 4000 sick. Many Papuan porters also died supporting the campaign.
Significance: The Kokoda Campaign is remembered for Australian courage and resilience in desperate conditions. It prevented the capture of Port Moresby and boosted morale for the Allies.
The Kokoda Campain experience
Terrain: The Kokoda Track was a nightmare for soldiers. Dense jungle, steep inclines, and constant rain made movement and fighting incredibly difficult.
Illness: Disease, especially malaria and dysentery, was a major enemy for both sides. Casualties from illness often outnumbered those from combat.
Australian disadvantage: Inexperienced in jungle warfare, the Australians were outnumbered and poorly equipped at the beginning.
Tactics: The Australians fought a series of delaying actions, inflicting losses on the Japanese while retreating to more defensible positions.
Turning Point: After fierce fighting, the Australians finally stopped the Japanese advance at Imita Ridge near Port Moresby in September 1942.
Repriations For Germany After World War One.
Financial Crippling: Germany was saddled with enormous reparations, essentially payments to the Allies for war damages.
Economic Strain: The vast sum, initially set at $33 billion (equivalent to hundreds of billions today), crippled the German economy and fuelled resentment.
Hyperinflation: Germany’s struggle to pay reparations led to hyperinflation in the 1920s, causing widespread economic hardship.
How did the treaty of Versailles lead to World War 2?
1) The treaty of Versailles was harsh for Germany as the treaty required Germany to pay a large sum of Money as required by the treaty.
2) The failure of the treaty of Versailles led to World War two as this caused German Aggression which triggered the start of World War 2.
The Bombing of Darwin?
The bombing of Darwin took place on 19th February 1942, by Japanese Aircrafts that wanted to destroy the Allies Base.
What was the Biggest Victory in 1944
The D-day Operation took place in June 6th 1944 in Normandy France. This was the largest Military Command. This brought the Army, Navy and the Air Force.
Roles of the Women in the Home Front
Early in the War, men were enlisted to fight overseas, and those that stayed found jobs such as Coast Guards, or becoming members of the Defence Corps.
Women were still finding their place, but as the War progressed, women were given more opportunities to enter the workforce.
This included:
-Assembling munitions.
-Ship building.
-Aircraft maintenance and construction.
-Driving buses.
-Delivering goods.
Many also then went home and looked after their families.
What were the responsibilities of the Coast Watchers in the Home Front.
When an attack on Australia by Japanese forces seemed imminent, the Australian Government decided to station soldiers at key points of the Coast.
“If the Japanese invaded, their task was to travel alongside the enemy, undetected, and monitor their movements.”
Coastwatchers lacked specific skills to support themselves so far from their homes, so they learnt skills of the local Indigenous population. They were taught how to live off the land and cook their own food.
What was the Curtin Government and how did he play a part in the Home Front?
John Curtin was the PM during WWII and led a Labor Government.
Curtin led Australia through one of its greatest struggles and attempted to support all Australians during a tumultuous time.
WWII generally helped to unite the Australian people, and the Curtin Government encouraged people to accept the War effort.
This was a difficult time for all, but especially children.
Curtin had opposed conscription during WWI, but quickly realised it was needed to save Australia in WWII.
What was the Wall Street Crash
The wall street crash took place in 1929 which was a sharp decline in the US stock market which led to the Great Depression
What is Imperalism
Imperialism is basically the policy or practice of a powerful country extending its control over weaker territories
What is the Fall Of Singapore
Surprise Attack: The British base in Singapore, considered impregnable, fell quickly due to a focus on seaward defenses and Japanese advances through Malaya.
Largest British Surrender: Over 90,000 British, Australian, and Indian troops surrendered in February 1942, a major blow to Allied morale.
Strategic Shift for
Australia: This event exposed Australia’s vulnerability and highlighted the limitations of relying solely on Britain for Défense.
Loss of Trust: The fall of Singapore led to a reevaluation of Australian foreign policy, with a growing sense of needing to look beyond Britain for security.
Ratioing Home Front
In 1942, rationing was introduced in order to maintain supplies at home and for the troops.
However, ration tickets were useless without money.
Because supply of so many items was restricted, people had to put their name down on a list for common household goods like lamps, irons and radios.
The Volunteer Défense Corps
As the War continued, many Australians on the home front were concerned about the idea of sabotage from within.
The Government set up the Defence Corps to “preserve law and order, protect public utilities and prevent subversive activities by aliens or disaffected persons.”
“Enemy Aliens” were individuals living in Australia who originated from a country now at War with Australia, and they were “interned” based on the thought they could be spies.
