History, Approaches

Question 1

Waves (History)

Name the waves, and be able to describe each one in great detail

Answer 1

Wave 1 – Introspection
Wave 2 - Gestalt Psychology
Wave 3 – Psychoanalysis
Wave 4 – Behaviorism
Wave 5 - Multiple Perspectives

I.G.P.B.MP

I GET PEANUT BUTTER MAPS.

Question 2

William Wundt

Introspection

Answer 2

In 1879, William Wundt set up the first Psychological laboratory in an apartment near the university at Leipzig, Germany.

He trained subjects in Introspection – they were asked to record their cognitive reactions to simple stimuli.

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

the idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations

(William Wundt)

Question 4

Functionalism

Answer 4

He described a theory called functionalism that describes how Wundt’s theory functioned in our lives. (need more details)

Question 5

The Principles of Psychology

Answer 5

In 1890, William James published the first psychological textbook, The Principles of Psychology

Question 6

Mary Whiton

Answer 6

.Mary Whiton studied with James and became president of the American Psychological Association.

Question 7

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 7

Margaret Floy Washburn was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology

Question 8

Stanley Hall

Answer 8

Another student of William James was Stanley Hall, who pioneered the study of child development and became the first president of the APA.

Question 9

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 9

Gestalt Psychology tried to examine a person’s total experience because the way we experience the world is more than just an accumulation of various perceptual experiences. Like introspective theories, Gestalt psychology has relatively little influence on current psychology.

Question 10

Gestalt psychologists like Max Wertheimer

Answer 10

argued against dividing human thought and behavior into discrete structures.

Question 11

Sigmund Freud

Answer 11

revolutionized psychology with his psychoanalytic theory. He believed he discovered the unconscious mind, a part on our mind that we do not have conscious control over which determines how we think and behave.

Question 12

Repression

Answer 12

He believed this hidden part of us builds up over the years through repression, the pushing down of thoughts that cause negative emotions that the conscious mind cannot deal with.

Question 13

Psychoanalysis

Answer 13

Sigmund Freud believed that we needed to examine the unconscious mind through dream analysis, word association, and other psychoanalytic therapy techniques to truly understand human thought and behavior. Freud has been criticized for creating unverifiable theories.

Question 14

unconscious mind

Answer 14

a part on our mind that we do not have conscious control over which determines how we think and behave.

Question 15

John Watson

Answer 15

John Watson studied the experiments of Ivan Pavlov then declared for psychology to be considered a science, it must limit itself to observable phenomena, not the unconscious mind. Watson wanted to establish Behaviorism.

Question 16

Behaviorism

Answer 16

Behaviorists believe that psychologists should look at only behavior and causes of behavior – stimuli (environmental events) and responses (physical reactions).

Question 17

stimuli

Answer 17

(environmental events)

Question 18

responses

Answer 18

(physical reactions)

Question 19

B.F. Skinner

Answer 19

created the idea of reinforcement – environmental stimuli that either encourage or discourage certain responses