History and Trends

Question 1

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 1

invented the bifocals

Question 2

Elizabeth Blackwell

Answer 2

The first female physician in America.

Question 3

Florence Nightingale

Answer 3

“the founder of modern nursing” and established the 1st school of nursing

Question 4

Joseph Lister

Answer 4

a British surgeon who promoted the idea of sterile surgery; antiseptics during surgery

Question 5

Louis Pasteur

Answer 5

a French chemist and microbiologist whose work changed medicine. He proved that germs cause disease; he developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies, and he created the process of pasteurization.

Question 6

Ignaz Semmelweis

Answer 6

a Hungarian physician who discovered the cause of puerperal (childbed) fever and introduced antisepsis into medical practice.

Question 7

Robert Koch

Answer 7

Robert Koch was a German physician who is widely credited as one of the founders of bacteriology and microbiology. He investigated the anthrax disease cycle in 1876 and studied the bacteria that causes tuberculosis in 1882, and cholera in 1883. He also formulated Koch’s postulates. Koch won the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Question 8

Paul Ehrlich

Answer 8

German Jewish medical scientist is best known for discovering the first effective treatment for syphilis for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908 with his partner Élie Metchnikoff. Ehrlich was also a pioneer in the in the fields of chemotherapy, hematology, and immunology.