history and terms Flashcards
which studied piece is written for 3 soloists and a string orchestra?
brandenburg concerto no. 5
which studied piece is a chamber work composed by wolfgang amadeus mozart?
eine kleine nachtmusik
which studied piece is a concerto grosso composed by johann sebastian bach?
brandenburg concerto no. 5
which studied piece is a baroque era work originally written for harpsichord or clavichord?
invention in c major
which studied piece is a classical era work written in sonata form?
eine kleine nachtmusik
italian term meaning
from the beginning
da capo
italian term meaning
suddenly
subito
italian term meaning
upper part of a duet
primo
italian term meaning
with fire
con fuoco
italian term meaning
return to the normal register
loco
italian term meaning
fairly fast
allegretto
italian term meaning
continue in the same manner
simile
which studied piece’s first movement is in ritornello form?
brandenburg concerto no. 5
which studied piece is played on piano today but was originally composed for harpsichord?
invention in c major
which studied piece is performed by harpsichord, violin, flute, and string orchestra?
brandenburg concerto
which studied piece’s first movement demonstrates sonata form in G major?
eine kleine nachtmusik
which studied piece is based on a motive that is treated using imitation, inversion, transposition, and sequence?
invention in c major
english meaning of
subito
suddenly
english meaning for
con brio
with vigor, spirit
english meaning for
sforzando
sudden strong accent of a single note or chord
english meaning for
piu mosso
more movement (quicker)
english meaning for
loco
return to the original register
english meaning for
meno
less
english meaning for
troppo
too much
what is the term for
a texture consisting of a single line of melody supported by a harmonic accompaniment?
homophonic texture
what is the term for
a baroque orchestral work, usually in 3 movements, in which a group of solo instruments is contrasted with a full string orchestra
concerto grosso
what is the term for
a baroque orchestral work, usually in 3 movements, in which a single solo instrument is contrasted with a full string orchestra?
concerto
what is the term for
the third section in sonata form
recapitulation
what is the term for
a motive or phrase that is repeated at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice
imitation
what is the term for
the musical era that spans ca 1750-1825
classical era
what is the opposite of tre corde?
una corda
what is the opposite of meno?
piuw
hat is the opposite of primo?
secondo
what is the opposite of senza?
con
what is the opposite of grave?
animato
english for con grazia
with grace
english for sempre staccato
continuously detached
english for una corda?
one string (left pedal on piano)
name the composer of eine kleine nauchtmusik
wolfgang amadeus mozart
name 3 instruments found in eine kleine nauchtmusik
harpsichord, violin, flute, string orchestra
name the composer of brandenburg concerto no. 5
johann sebastian bach
name 3 instruments found in brandenburg concerto
harpischord, violin, flute, orchestra
time span of baroque era
1600-1750
which studied piece is in a solo keyboard style?
invention in c major
which studied piece is meant to be played by a baroque orchestra?
brandenburg concerto no. 5
describe polyphonic texture and name the piece it’s found in
- the combination of two or more independent melodic lines
- also known as contrapuntal texture (or counterpoint)
(the non melodic part would still sound like a melody)
INVENTION IN C MAJOR
describe an invention and name the piece it’s found in
- a keyboard composition
- in polyphonic texture
- based on imitation
INVENTION IN C MAJOR
describe a motive
- a short melodic or rhythmic fragment
- used to build a melody
describe imitation and name the piece it’s in
- repetition of the same motive in another voice/part
INVENTION IN C MAJOR
describe sequence and name the piece it’s in
- a motive or phrase that is repeated at a higher or lower PITCH in the SAME VOICE
INVENTION IN C MAJOR
genre of invention in c major
solo keyboard work
what instruments used in invention in c major
written for harpsichord or clavichord, ,now played on piano
texture of invention in c major
polyphonic texture with imitative counterpoint
compositional devices in invention in c major
seven-note motive –> treated using imitation, inversion, transposition, sequence
in invention in c major:
- one hand leads while the other follows
- the opening measure is repeated up a fifth
- the motive is used upside down
- the inverted motive is repeated in a descending pattern
NAME THE TERMS REFERRED TO IN ORDER
imitation, transposition, inversion, sequence
describe an affect
a single idea or emotion upon which music is often based
describe concerto grosso and name the piece it’s found in
- a baroque orchestral work
- usually in three movements –> fast–slow–fast
- a group of solo instruments (concertino) is contrasted with a full string orchestra (ripieno)
BRANDENBURG CONCERTO NO. 5
describe ritornello form and name the piece it’s found in
- a form often used in the first and third movements of a concerto grosso
- the opening passage (ritornello or “refrain”) is repeated throughout the movement
BRANDENBURG CONCERTO NO. 5
in a group of solo instruments that is contrasted with a full string orchestra in a piece, what are the italian terms for both the group of solo instruments and the orchestra?
solo - concertino
orchestra - ripieno
genre of brandendburg concerto
concerto grosso
key of brandenburg concerto
d major
tempo marking (term) of brandenburg concerto
allegro
structure of brandenburg concerto
ritornello form
describe the opening ritornello in brandenburg concerto
(consider which instrument is prominent, the types of notes, the role to the ripieno)
- violins outlining tonic chord
- constant sixteenth-note movement propels the music forward
- ripieno blend in with orchestra instead of standing out
desribe a cadenza and name the piece its used in
a solo passage in an improvisatory style that demonstrates the virtuosity of the performer (they get to show off and make the conclusion dramatic)
when was the classical era?
1750-1825
difference of texture between baroque and classical eras
baroque texture was more polyphonic but classical was lighter and texture was more homophonic
classical era focuses
elegance, sophistication, balance, symmetry
major genres of classical era that mozart contributed to
he contributed to all major genres
opera, symphonies, sonatas, concertos, chamber music
define a serenade and name the piece which is one
often an entertainment for viennese audiences
EINE KLEINE NAUCHTMUSIK
describe chamber music and name the piece that is described this way
- music for a small ensemble (2-10 players)
- one player per part
- no conductor
EINE KLEINE NAUCHTMUSIK
describe homphonic texture and name the piece its found in
- a single line of melody supported by a harmonic accompaniment
(the accompaniment would sound weird on its own)
EINE KLEINE NAUCHTMUSIK
describe sonata form (and name its sections) and name the piece its found in
- most important musical form invented in the classical era
- consists of sections: exposition, development, recapitulation
- a musical journey with a statement, departure, and return
EINE KLEINE NAUCHTMUSIK
describe and name the first section of a sonata
exposition
- main themes are stated
- often has two contrasting themes
describe and name the second section of a sonata
development
- themes developed
- often changes keys
describe and name the third section of a sonata
recapitulation
- return to main themes from exposition
genre of eine kleine nauchtmusik
chamber music
key of eine kleine nauchtmusik
g major
tempo marking (term) of eine kleine nauchtmusik
allegro
form of eine kleine nauchtmusik
sonata
name 3 instuments in eine kleine nauchtmusik
two violins, viola, cello, optional double bass (often a small string orchestra)
describe the opening of eine kleine nauchtmusik
- lively unison melody (the famous one)
- outlining tonic and dominant chords
- leads towards dominant key
what happens in the development of eine kleine nauchtmusik?
key changes to other dominant, subdominant, and parallel minor keys
ad libitum
or ad lib., means at the liberty of the performer
accent
a stressed note
adagio
slow
alla
or
all’
in the manner of
allegretto
fairly fast
andantino
a little faster than a walking pace (which is andante)
what italian term means the same as decrescendo?
diminuendo
grave
slow, solemn
larghetto
fairly slow, but not very slow
largo
very slow
leggiero
light, nimble, quick
loco
return to the normal register
how do you say right hand in italian?
mano destra, m.d.
how do you say left hand in italian?
mano sinestra, m.s.
meno
less
molto
much, very
piu
more
quasi
almost, as if
what italian term has a similar definition to ritardando?
rallentando, rall.
sempre
always, continuously
tre corde
three strings (release the left piano pedal)
vivace
lively, brisk
