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History & Systems > History and Systems Deck1 > Flashcards

History and Systems Deck1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Exposure vs. Systematic Desensitization

A

Systematic desensitization techniques suggest exposure might be the active ingredient

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2
Q

Common Factors in Therapy

A

Therapeutic alliance; Some Exposure Component/Confronting Problems; Therapist Allegiance; Client experience of Mastery/Self-Efficacy;

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3
Q

Rogers (1957)

A

Necessary&Sufficient Conditions of Change- 1)In a relationship; 2) Client incongruent/anxious; 3) Therapist congruent IN RELATIONSHIP; 4) Unconditional Regard; 5) Therapist EMPATHY for client; 6) Client notices 3&4

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4
Q

Freud on Resistance

A

“Resistance” is the employment of defenses when ego is confronted with dangerous ideas; for Freud the evidence of the centrality of repression.

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5
Q

Freud on Treatment Motivation

A

Ego’s synthetic function; Libidinal energies attached to therapist; transferential desire to improve/impress

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6
Q

Ego’s Synthetic Function

A

Powered by Eros: Ego integrates and unifies inner id-world experiences and external experiences into a cogent whole;

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7
Q

Intrapersonal Congruence

A

Rogers measure of how much an individual’s organismic experience is integrated with self-representation; Experience needs to be symbolized and integrated into self-structure to achieve congruence

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8
Q

Interpersonal Congruence

A

Rogers’ measure of how much of what we communicate to others is consistent with our own awareness

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9
Q

Constricted Dasein

A

Narrow illumination of one’s worlds; Failing to engage in broader horizons/possibilites (But avoiding anxiety of regret and freedom)

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10
Q

Define: Translational Research

A

research addressing how basic behavioral processes inform the diagnosis/prevention/treatment for mental illness (and vice versa)

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11
Q

Purposive Behaviorism

A

Tolman: Notion that behaviors are molar& defined by their goals; S->R is mediated by intervening variables (cognitions?)

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12
Q

Mindfulness

A

State of open & receptive awareness; Even hovering over experience as presented

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13
Q

Attributional Reformulation of Learned Helplessness

A

Abramson et al (1978)- have internal/stable/global explanatory style for negative events

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14
Q

Ellis cognitive model

A

Activating Event -> Beliefs -> Consequences(Emotional/Behavioral)

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15
Q

REBT

A

Ratio-Emotive Behavior Therapy- replace ABCs with Disputing for Effectively new beliefs

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16
Q

What is the main method of Beck’s CBT?

A

Access/identify maladaptive cognitions/schemas then test them against reality (“collaborative empiricism”)

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17
Q

Freud (1923)

A

Ego & Id- Structural model of Ego as emerging from Id meeting reality;

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18
Q

Cite: Structural model of Ego as emerging from Id meeting reality;

A

Freud (1923)- Ego & Id-

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19
Q

Anna Freud (1936)

A

“Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense”- Taxonomy of defense mechanisms understanding them as adaptive ways to manage anxiety

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20
Q

Taxonomy of defense mechanisms understanding them as adaptive ways to manage anxiety

A

Anna Freud (1936)- “Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense”-

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21
Q

What defense mechanisms are related to “resistance” in therapy?

A

Repression-Push down desires (countercathexis); Denial- Shut threatening material out of consciousness (primitive!); Isolation-repression of affect associated with threat

22
Q

Seligman (1995)

A

Consumer Reports- Longterm therapy better than short-term; Type of therapist/type of therapy irrelevant

23
Q

Cite: Consumer Reports- Longterm therapy better than short-term; Type of therapist/type of therapy irrelevant

A

Seligman (1995)

24
Q

Wampold et al (1997)

A

Dodo bird study- Effect sizes of all treatment comparisons are distributed evenly around 0

25
Q

Cite: Dodo bird study- Effect sizes of all treatment comparisons are distributed evenly around 0

A

Wampold et al (1997)

26
Q

Ahn & Wampold (2001)

A

Meta-analysis of component/dismantling studies which finds that the theoretically critical components waver around zero

27
Q

Cite: Meta-analysis of component/dismantling studies which finds that the theoretically critical components waver around zero

A

Ahn & Wampold (2001)

28
Q

Jacobson et al (1996)

A

BA therapy AS EFFECTIVE as CBT; calls into question the cognitive restructuring value of CBT

29
Q

Cite: BA therapy AS EFFECTIVE as CBT; calls into question the cognitive restructuring value of CBT

A

Jacobson et al (1996)

30
Q

Strengths of Efficacy Trials

A

High internal validity; Clear causality;

31
Q

Weaknesses of Efficacy Trials

A

Seligman-Random assign doesn’t match real world therapy selection; Nathan etal(2000)- Manualized doesn’t represent practice; Removal of too many patients

32
Q

What are the 4 principles of MI?

A

Empathy; Roll with Resistance; Develop Discrepancy; Stay on Change Talk

33
Q

What is change talk?

A

Staying talking about change: How would you; Why would you?; Other changes you’ve successfully made (self-efficacy!); Explore multiple ways to change/directions

34
Q

Resistance in Rogerian Model

A

Existential Choice- When you are congruent in your communication you risk conditional regard/rejection/threat

35
Q

Treatment motivation in Rogerian Model

A

Assumption of an actualizing tendency- Client will be engaged in therapy when experiencing change/possibility for growth/healing

36
Q

What does it mean to “Roll with Resistance”

A

When resistant statements are given: Therapist uses “momentum” and explores/takes active interest in resistance

37
Q

What is the CBT approach to SUDs?

A

Behavioral- Adjust reinforcement contingencies (token economies/lottery very useful in rehab); Naltroxone/Methadone fits model; Cognitive- Beliefs about relapse; Challenge beliefs about “hopelessness”

38
Q

What is the MI approach to SUDs?

A

Motivational Enhancement Therapy- Manualized 4-session treatment built on MI principles; Develop discepancies to address ambiguous motivations/feelings; Emphasize rolling with resistance

39
Q

Theories influenced by Mechanism

A

Freud’s psychoanalysis (Physical metaphor of libidinal energies; Economic model; Influence through Helmholtz); Watson’s behaviorism;

40
Q

Theories influenced by Organismic Perspectives

A

Ego psychology (including Freud’s own Ego models); Winnicott; Rogers/Maslow’s notion of self-actualization/structuring; Bowlby’s “attachment system”

41
Q

Theories influenced by Existentialism/Freedom

A

Nondeterminism in Rogers/Maslow; Yalom’s existential therapy; Metacognitive work in Beck reflects Existentialism’s “Reflective Capacity” (but would Beck see the connection?)

42
Q

Shedler (2010)

A

Review of efficacy studies: psychodynamic treatments just as good as “evidence based” treatments; Stronger effects over longer time (Less relapse; possibly CONTINUE growing?); Wider/more general outcomes favor psychodynamic

43
Q

Cite: Review of efficacy studies: psychodynamic treatments just as good as “evidence based” treatments; Stronger effects over longer time (Less relapse; possibly CONTINUE growing?); Wider/more general outcomes favor psychodynamic

A

Shedler (2010)

44
Q

Blagys & Hilsenroth (2000)

A

7 Features of Psychodynamic- 1)Affect Focus 2)Explore avoidance; 3)ID Themes/Patterns; 4)Developmental; 5/6)Interpersonal/Therapy Relationships; 7)Wishes/Fantasies

45
Q

Cite:7 Features of Psychodynamic- 1)Affect Focus 2)Explore avoidance; 3)ID Themes/Patterns; 4)Developmental; 5/6)Interpersonal/Therapy Relationships; 7)Wishes/Fantasies

A

Blagys & Hilsenroth (2000)

46
Q

Cognitive View of Self

A

Cognitions can be automatic; Behaviors can be reinforced; but SELF is metacognitive (can rationally dispute/explore otherwise automatic things)

47
Q

Mindfulness & Self

A

Self is separate from experience; Can maintain open/receptive

48
Q

Psychodynamic views of self

A

Kohut’s Self-psychology (Self is representation; Has relational needs); Winnicott- self integrated through mother’s holding/recognized as separate thru empathic failures; Freud- Development of Ego when Id encounters reality

49
Q

History of Cognitive Revolution?

A

Tolman: Purposive Behaviorism->Rotter/Bandura: Social Learning Theory->Beck/Ellis

50
Q

Psychodynamic Family Tree?

A

3 Paths; P1:Freud’s Structural Model->Ego Psychology(A. Freud; Hartmann;Erikson); P2:Freud Drive Theory->Object-Relations(Winnicott; Klein)->Self-Psychology(Kohut); P3:O-R->Attachment

51
Q

Kohut’s Needs

A

Mirroring Need; Idealizing Need; Twinship Need (Later development)<- All about the Self in relationship to others

History & Systems (1 decks)

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