History and Milestones in Immunology Flashcards
Voltaire
variolation (variola - smallpox)
Edward Jenner
vaccinia virus (cowpox)
Louis Pasteur
vaccines against chicken cholera, anthrax, and rabies
Louis Pasteur
live attenuated vaccine (rabies) - from old bacterial cultures
Haeckel
phagocytosis
Elie Metchnikoff
complete steps of phagocytosis
Emil Von Behring and Kitasato
anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antitoxins
Robert Koch
cutaneous / delayed hypersensitivity (granuloma)
Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin
BCG vaccine (for TB)
Gruber and Durham
agglutination reactions
Ferdinand Widal
Widal test (typhoid fever)
Paul Ehrlich
antibody formation theory
Karl Landsteiner
ABO blood groups
Paul Portier and Charles Richet
anaphylaxis
Almoth Wright, Stephen Douglas, and Joseph Denys
opsonins
Von Pirquet and Schick
immunity and hypersensitivity relationship
Pfeiffer and Buchner
complement mediated cytolysis
Jules Bordet
complement
Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin
polio vaccine
George Snell, Jean Dausset, Baruj Benacerraf
MHC proponents
George Snell
major histocompatibility complex -> human leukocyte antigen
Jean Dausset
early pioneer in MHC / HLA study
Baruj Benacerraf
MHC restriction first demo (immune response genes)
Niels Jerne
hemolytic plaque assay
Niels Jerne
early version of clonal selection
Peter Medawar
acquired immunologic tolerance
Rodney Porter
protein sequencing (antibody’s polypeptide structure)
Rosalyn Yalow
radioimmunoassay on peptide hormones
Alexander Flemming
action of lysozymes
Alexander Flemming
penicillin (Penicillium notatum)
James Gowan
adaptive immunity (lymphocytes)
Cesar Milstein and Georges Kohler
monoclonal antibody formation through hybridoma technology
Gerald Edelman
immunoglobulin structure
Gerald Edelman
first complete sequence of antibody
Michael Heidelberger
quantitative precipitative assay
Kendall
quantitative precipitative assay studies on antigen-antibody reactions
Max Theiller
yellow fever vaccine
Susumu Tonegawa
antibody and TCR diversity
Alic Isaacs and Jean Lindemann
interferon
Luc Montaigner
lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV)
Robert Gallo
LAV to HIV
Mosmann
T helper cells (Th1 and Th2)
E. Donnall Thomas and Joseph Murray
first organ transplant
1996-1998
Toll Like Receptors (direct phagocytosis)
Peter Doherty and Rolf Zinkernagel
double recognition of T cells (APC -> MHC)
Surface Antibody
B lymphocyte receptor
T Cell Receptor
antigen receptor
Mosmann (2001)
FOX3p on T-Helper Cells
Ian Frazer
human papilloma virus vaccine