History and Milestones in Immunology

Question 1

Voltaire

Answer 1

variolation (variola - smallpox)

Question 2

Edward Jenner

Answer 2

vaccinia virus (cowpox)

Question 3

Louis Pasteur

Answer 3

vaccines against chicken cholera, anthrax, and rabies

Question 4

Louis Pasteur

Answer 4

live attenuated vaccine (rabies) - from old bacterial cultures

Question 5

Haeckel

Answer 5

phagocytosis

Question 6

Elie Metchnikoff

Answer 6

complete steps of phagocytosis

Question 7

Emil Von Behring and Kitasato

Answer 7

anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antitoxins

Question 8

Robert Koch

Answer 8

cutaneous / delayed hypersensitivity (granuloma)

Question 9

Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin

Answer 9

BCG vaccine (for TB)

Question 10

Gruber and Durham

Answer 10

agglutination reactions

Question 11

Ferdinand Widal

Answer 11

Widal test (typhoid fever)

Question 12

Paul Ehrlich

Answer 12

antibody formation theory

Question 13

Karl Landsteiner

Answer 13

ABO blood groups

Question 14

Paul Portier and Charles Richet

Answer 14

anaphylaxis

Question 15

Almoth Wright, Stephen Douglas, and Joseph Denys

Answer 15

opsonins

Question 16

Von Pirquet and Schick

Answer 16

immunity and hypersensitivity relationship

Question 17

Pfeiffer and Buchner

Answer 17

complement mediated cytolysis

Question 18

Jules Bordet

Answer 18

complement

Question 19

Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin

Answer 19

polio vaccine

Question 20

George Snell, Jean Dausset, Baruj Benacerraf

Answer 20

MHC proponents

Question 21

George Snell

Answer 21

major histocompatibility complex -> human leukocyte antigen

Question 22

Jean Dausset

Answer 22

early pioneer in MHC / HLA study

Question 23

Baruj Benacerraf

Answer 23

MHC restriction first demo (immune response genes)

Question 24

Niels Jerne

Answer 24

hemolytic plaque assay

Question 25

Niels Jerne

Answer 25

early version of clonal selection

Question 26

Peter Medawar

Answer 26

acquired immunologic tolerance

Question 27

Rodney Porter

Answer 27

protein sequencing (antibody's polypeptide structure)

Question 28

Rosalyn Yalow

Answer 28

radioimmunoassay on peptide hormones

Question 29

Alexander Flemming

Answer 29

action of lysozymes

Question 30

Alexander Flemming

Answer 30

penicillin (Penicillium notatum)

Question 31

James Gowan

Answer 31

adaptive immunity (lymphocytes)

Question 32

Cesar Milstein and Georges Kohler

Answer 32

monoclonal antibody formation through hybridoma technology

Question 33

Gerald Edelman

Answer 33

immunoglobulin structure

Question 34

Gerald Edelman

Answer 34

first complete sequence of antibody

Question 35

Michael Heidelberger

Answer 35

quantitative precipitative assay

Question 36

Kendall

Answer 36

quantitative precipitative assay studies on antigen-antibody reactions

Question 37

Max Theiller

Answer 37

yellow fever vaccine

Question 38

Susumu Tonegawa

Answer 38

antibody and TCR diversity

Question 39

Alic Isaacs and Jean Lindemann

Answer 39

interferon

Question 40

Luc Montaigner

Answer 40

lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV)

Question 41

Robert Gallo

Answer 41

LAV to HIV

Question 42

Mosmann

Answer 42

T helper cells (Th1 and Th2)

Question 43

E. Donnall Thomas and Joseph Murray

Answer 43

first organ transplant

Question 44

1996-1998

Answer 44

Toll Like Receptors (direct phagocytosis)

Question 45

Peter Doherty and Rolf Zinkernagel

Answer 45

double recognition of T cells (APC -> MHC)

Question 46

Surface Antibody

Answer 46

B lymphocyte receptor

Question 47

T Cell Receptor

Answer 47

antigen receptor

Question 48

Mosmann (2001)

Answer 48

FOX3p on T-Helper Cells

Question 49

Ian Frazer

Answer 49

human papilloma virus vaccine