History And Introduction To Computers

Question 1

What is a computer?

Answer 1

A device, usually electronic that can store, retrieve and process data

Question 2

What is the hardware of a computer?

Answer 2

The physical machinery of the computer that consists of several hardware devices

Question 3

What is the software of a computer?

Answer 3

The programs that tell the machine what to do with many different programs written in different languages usually working together

Question 4

What are some input devices?

Answer 4

Keyboard, mouse, touchpad, joystick, pen & tablet, perforated cards

Question 5

What Are Some Output Devices?

Answer 5

Printer, Screen, Teletype

Question 6

What are some input and output devices?

Answer 6

Auxiliary Devices, like disks and tape drives, touch screen and network cards, like intranet and internet

Question 7

What are some hardware that use permanent memory?

Answer 7

Disks and other I/O devices

Question 8

What are some volatile memory hardware?

Answer 8

Main memory and graphic memories

Question 9

What are the 3 main memory types?

Answer 9

Permanent (non-volatile), volatile and virtual

Question 10

What does CPU stand for?

Answer 10

Central Processing Unit

Question 11

What does a CPU contain?

Answer 11

An ALU and a control unit

Question 12

What does ALU stand for?

Answer 12

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Question 13

What is the roles of the CPU?

Answer 13

Stores data in memory, retrieves data from memory, performs computations and sends and receives data from other devices

Question 14

What is a bus?

Answer 14

A group of wires through which the other devices communicate

Question 15

What does RAM stand for?

Answer 15

Random Access Memory

Question 16

What is primary storage?

Answer 16

RAM

Question 17

What is secondary storage?

Answer 17

Permanent storage like disk storage

Question 18

How many generations of computers is there?

Answer 18

4

Question 19

When was the first generation of computers?

Answer 19

1948-1956

Question 20

When was the second generation of computers?

Answer 20

1956-1964

Question 21

When was the third generation of computers?

Answer 21

1964-1973

Question 22

When was the fourth generation of computers?

Answer 22

1973-present

Question 23

What is the name of the first generation of computers?

Answer 23

Vacuum Tubes

Question 24

What is the name of the second generation of computers?

Answer 24

Transistors

Question 25

What is the name of the third generation of computers?

Answer 25

SSI Silicone Chips

Question 26

What is the name of the fourth generation of computers?

Answer 26

LSI Silicone Chips

Question 27

What does SSI mean when talking about Silicone Chips?

Answer 27

Small-Scale Integration

Question 28

What does LSI mean when talking about Silicone Chips?

Answer 28

Large-Scale Integration

Question 29

What is an example of some registers?

Answer 29

Program Counter, Current Instruction Register, Memory Address Register, Memory Data Register

Question 30

What does the ALU do?

Answer 30

Holds data temporarily and performs calculations and comparisons

Question 31

What does the Control Unit do?

Answer 31

Controls and interprets the execution of instructions, follows a sequence of actions corresponding to the FDE cycle

Question 32

What is the primary printed circuit board in a PC?

Answer 32

The Motherboard

Question 33

What are some examples of the system software?

Answer 33

Programs written for computer systems, like compliers and operating systems

Question 34

What are some examples of application software?

Answer 34

Programs written for computer users, like word-processors and spreadsheets

Question 35

What are some of the several essential services providing by the operating systems?

Answer 35

Loading and running application programs, allocating memory and processor time, proving input and output facilities and managing files of information

Question 36

What are 3 examples of ways computers communicate between each other and connect on servers?

Answer 36

Client-Server Computing, Cloud Computing and Peer-to-Peer Computing

Question 37

What are some examples of client-server computing?

Answer 37

Email services, file services and print services

Question 38

What are some advantages of client-server architecture?

Answer 38

Easier administration, easier availability and location by users, consistency of resources such as files and data can be managed and assured, consistency of resources and more efficient and cost-effective hardware

Question 39

What type of architecture is client-server?

Answer 39

Multi-tier architecture, for example two-tier, three-tier and n-tier

Question 40

Types of cloud computing?

Answer 40

Software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a service (Iaas)

Question 41

Advantages of cloud computing?

Answer 41

Client datacentre needs are simplified, reduced costs, support collaboration, reduced maintenance downtime, lower investment for short-term projects

Question 42

Disadvantages of cloud computing?

Answer 42

Quality of security is critical, outages or loss of connectivity can stop the user from working, requires long-term commitment

Question 43

Advantages of peer-to-peer computing?

Answer 43

Sharing files is easy between computers and internet file sharing

Question 44

Disadvantages of peer-to-peer computing?

Answer 44

Difficult to establish centralised control of services, difficult to locate services, difficult to synchronise versions of files or software and difficult to secure network from unauthorised access and form viruses