History and Genetics Flashcards
Encompassing all aspects of blood donation, blood component prep, blood cell serology, and blood transfusion therapy.
Transfusion medicine
Understanding different antigens found in the blood and the immunologic properties and reaction of blood components and constituents.
Immunohematology
“the life of the flesh is in the blood”
Leviticus 17:11
They drank the blood of fallen gladiators to transmit vitality and cure epilepsy.
Romans
Bathing in blood as it cascaded from a sacrificial bull.
Taurobolium
They bathed in blood to resuscitate the sick and rejuvenate the old.
Egyptians
He proved that arteries contain blood.
Galen
He made the four humors.
Hippocrates
While in a semi-comatose state, he received blood from 3 young boys.
Pope Innocent VII
Propose blood transfusion.
Andreas Libavius
Described the blood circulation of the body
William Harvey
First successful animal-to-animal transfusion using dogs.
Richard Lower
First documented animal-to-man transfusion.
Jean-Baptiste Denise
First human-to-human transfusion.
James Blundell
Discovered A, B, and C (O) blood types.
Karl Landsteiner
Discovered AB blood type.
Decastello and Sturli
Who adopted ABO nomenclature in 1928?
American Association of Immunologists
Developed nomenclature of Rh blood group system.
Ronald Fisher
Arteriovenous anastomosis through a two-pieced cannula of Bernheim.
Direct transfusion
Performed first vein-to-vein transfusion
Edward Lindermann
Performed direct blood transfusion using two silver cannulae inserted into the recipient and donor.
James Aveling
He used Na phosphate solution as anticoagulant
John Braxton Hicks
Performed first human transfusion with citrated blood
Albert Hustin
He proved 0.2% Na citrate is an effective anticoagulant
Richard Lewisohn
He developed a citrate-dextrose/glucose solution.
Rous and Turner
Developed acid citrate dextrose solution (ACD) that helped the blood to be stored for up to 3-4 weeks.
Loutit and Mollison
He developed citrate phosphate dextrose solution (CPD) that helped the blood to be stored for up to 28 days with better RBC survival than ACD.
Gibson
A process where the desired component is separated and retained, and the remainder of the blood returned to the donor
Apheresis
What principle predicts the gene frequency in a living population?
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Who proposed the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
Godfrey Harold Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg
In what organelle does the genetic material mostly located?
nucleus
Genetic material is organized into ___.
Chromatin
What are the components of chromatin?
DNA and Protein
What is the basic repeat elements?
nucleosome
What composes the 46 chromosomes in humans?
44 autosomal + 2 sex chromosomes
What type of cell division produce identical daughter cells?
mitosis
What type of cell division produce gametes or sex cells and results into 4 daughter cells?
meiosis
What is the formula for the Harden-Weinberg principle?
p + q = 1
Enumerate 3 levels of genetics.
- Population genetics
- Cellular genetics
- Molecular genetics
Identify Mendel’s Law of Inheritance.
- dominant alleles will be expressed and recessive alleles will be concealed
Law of Dominance
Identify Mendel’s Law of Inheritance.
- separate traits are inherited independently
Law of Independent Assortment
Identify Mendel’s Law of Inheritance.
- two different alleles for each gene segregate randomly during meiosis
Law of Segregation
What refers to the study of inheritance or the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring?
Genetics
What refers to an allele that does not appear to produce a detectable antigen?
Silent or Amorphic
What refers to a condition when one (1) chromosome has the gene and the other has that gene absent?
Hemizygous
