History and Economics Flashcards
What were the causes of the French Revolution?
Social inequality (Three Estates), economic crisis, weak monarchy (Louis XVI)
The Three Estates consisted of the clergy, nobility, and commoners, with the latter facing significant burdens.
Did women have a revolution during the French Revolution?
Women formed political clubs and demanded rights such as equal wages, the right to education, and voting rights
Despite their activism, women’s rights were largely retracted under Napoleon.
What was the significance of the February Revolution in Petrograd?
Protests due to food shortages and war losses led to Tsar Nicholas II abdicating and the formation of a Provisional Government
This government was weak and struggled to meet the people’s demands.
What key changes occurred after the October Revolution in 1917?
- Land redistribution to peasants
- Nationalization of factories and industries
- Withdrawal from World War I
- Establishment of a one-party communist state
The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, enacted these changes after overthrowing the Provisional Government.
What led to Hitler’s rise to power?
- The Great Depression caused unemployment and economic collapse
- The Nazi Party used propaganda to blame Jews and others
- Hitler promised jobs and national pride
His promises gained widespread support leading to his appointment as Chancellor in 1933.
What were the Nuremberg Laws of 1935?
Laws that stripped Jews of citizenship and rights
These laws were part of the Nazi regime’s broader policies of persecution.
What was the primary occupation in Palampur?
Farming
Most families in Palampur own small plots of land.
What modern farming methods increased production in Palampur?
- High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds
- Irrigation
- Fertilizers
- Pesticides
Despite increased production, excessive chemical fertilizer use reduces soil fertility.
What are the three categories of economic activities?
- Primary (Agriculture)
- Secondary (Manufacturing)
- Tertiary (Services)
Women are predominantly engaged in the informal sector.
What is disguised unemployment?
More workers are engaged in farming than needed, leading to low productivity
This is a common issue in agricultural sectors.
What are the main causes of poverty?
- Unemployment
- Rapid population growth
- Colonial rule
- Lack of education and skills
These factors contribute to economic backwardness and poverty.
What are the government measures to reduce poverty?
- MGNREGA provides 100 days of guaranteed work
- PDS provides subsidized food grains
These measures aim to improve the living standards of the poor.
Who are considered food insecure in India?
- Rural poor
- Landless laborers
- SC/ST
- Women
- Seasonal workers
These groups are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity due to various socio-economic factors.
What is the Public Distribution System (PDS)?
A government program that supplies subsidized food grains through ration shops
PDS aims to prevent famine and malnutrition among poor families.
What issues are associated with the Public Distribution System (PDS)?
- Corruption
- Leakage of food stocks
- Poor quality grains
These issues hinder the effectiveness of the PDS in addressing food insecurity.
