History And Development Flashcards
- Han Dynasty
- Asses government officials
- Conducted every three years
- Measured proficiency in music, archery, etc.
Civil Service Examination
- Ming Dynasty
- Local and Regional testing centers
- Moves up by district level
National Multi-Stage testing
- Interest in study of individual differences
- “Origin of Species”
- “Survival of the fittest”
Charles Darwin
- Cousin of Darwin
- English Biologist
- launching the testing Movement
Francis Galton
- American Psychologist
- “Mental Test”
- Studied with Galton and Wilhelm Wundt
James McKeen Cattel
- Difference between insane and retarded people
- Language skills to diagnose mental retardation
- French
J.E.D Esquirol
- appointed to study procedures for the education of retarded children
- Invented the Binet-Simon Scale with Theodore Simon
Alfred Binet
- 30 problems, ascending difficulty
- emphasis on judgment, comprehension, and reasoning
1905 Scale
- Tests grouped into age levels 3-13
- Test Score = Mental Level
- Mental level is also known as “mental age”
1908 scale
- Minor revision due to Binet’s death
- extended to adult level
1911 scale
- (suggested that…)mental intelligence divided by the chronological order (MA/CA)
William Stern
- Popularized IQ testing
- Revised Binet Scale
- (MA/CA)100 to remove decimals
Lewis M. Terman
- Individual Test
- Oral responses or manipulation of materials
Binet Tests
- Used in vocational counseling and selection/classification of industrial and military personnel
Aptitude Testing
- Developed by Charles Spearman, T.L. Kelley, and L.L. Thurstone
- “mathematical procedure for analyzing a matrix of correlations..”
Factor Analysis
- Spearheaded the use of standardized tests
E.L. Thorndike
- Students in uniform situation
- Wider coverage of content
- Eliminated favoritism
- replaced essays with multiple choice
Written Examinations
Developed the Stanford Achievement Test (SAT)
- 3 dudes
T.L. Kelley, G.M. Ruch, and L.M. Terman
- Resulted from establishment of state-wide, regional, and national testing programs
- used to reduce duplication in the examining of entering college freshmen
College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB)
- Used in selection of Applicants for industrial and government jobs
Achievement Tests
- Picked up dramatically in WW1
- Tested people in groups rather than individual
Group Testing
- Psychology Professor in Harvard
- Appointed to assess army recruits
Robert Yerkes
- Prepared intelligence test and turned it over to the army
- Introduced multiple choice
Arthur S. Otis
- General routine testing
- 8 verbally loaded tests
- For soldiers who spoke English
Army Alpha
- Non-language
- for illiterates and foreign-bred recruits
- visual-perceptual and motor tests
Army Beta
Invented the Personal Data Sheet
Robert Woodworth
Designed the first inkblot test
Hermann Rorschach
“development of specific brain areas is associated with certain personality characteristics and mental disorders”
- Observing and feeling the skull
Phrenology
“One’s temperament and character is determined by external features of the body, especially the face”
Physiognomy
“Personality can be analyzed by studying handwriting samples”
Graphology
