History and Career Opportunities 2024 milady flashcards

Question 1

Cosmetology is defined as the _____ of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair.

Answer 1

art and science

Question 2

The term cosmetology comes from the _____ word kosmeticos, meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics.

Answer 2

Greek

Question 3

Archaeological studies reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as the _____.

Answer 3

Ice Age

Question 4

Ancient people around the world used animal hide _____.

Answer 4

to tie hair back or for adornment

Question 5

Studying the history of cosmetology can _____.

Answer 5

help you predict or understand current trends

Question 6

Which civilization is most known for using a variety of hairstyles as symbols of tribal traditions to convey messages of age, marital status, power, and rank?

Answer 6

African

Question 7

Who were the first people to cultivate beauty with extravagant fashions and were the first to use cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits?

Answer 7

The Egyptians

Question 8

Ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to infuse essential oils from _____ for use as perfumes and for purification purposes.

Answer 8

leaves and blossoms

Question 9

Which queen erected a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea?

Answer 9

Queen Cleopatra

Question 10

Which substance was created by ancient Egyptians from a mixture of ground galena (a black mineral), sulfur, and animal fat?

Answer 10

Kohl

Question 11

What were the royal colors of the Chou Dynasty (circa 1100 BC)?

Answer 11

Gold and silver

Question 12

What mineral, considered the chief source of mercury, was ground into a fine powder and used to make vermillion, a brilliant red pigment?

Answer 12

Cinnabar

Question 13

In ancient Rome, women used hair color to indicate their class in society. What color did poor women use to dye their hair?

Answer 13

Black

Question 14

The process of steam distillation was refined by Avicenna, a _____, around AD 1000.

Answer 14

Persian physician

Question 15

What was the period in history during which Western civilization made the transition from medieval to modern history?

Answer 15

The Renaissance

Question 16

During the Renaissance, the unusual practice of shaving the eyebrows and hairline was performed to show a greater expanse of forehead. A brow-less forehead was thought to give a woman a look of greater _____.

Answer 16

intelligence

Question 17

During which austere and restrictive period in British history (1837–1901) did Queen Victoria reign?

Answer 17

Victorian Age

Question 18

Why did women pinch their cheeks and bite their lips during the Victorian Age?

Answer 18

To induce natural color

Question 19

Who were the biggest trendsetters in beauty applications in the early twentieth century?

Answer 19

Celebrities and society figures

Question 20

Which Polish immigrant Americanized his name in 1908 and moved to Los Angeles, where he began making and selling makeup?

Answer 20

Max Factor

Question 21

What wrapping technique was introduced when women cut their hair into the short-bobbed style after World War I?

Answer 21

Croquignole

Question 22

_____, the child of former slaves, was a pioneer in the modern African American hair care and cosmetics industry.

Answer 22

Sarah Breedlove

Question 23

Who invented the first curling iron in 1872?

Answer 23

Marcel Grateau

Question 24

What year was the preheat-perm method introduced?

Answer 24

1931

Question 25

What product was first marketed by Charles Revson in 1932, and glamorized by early screen sirens, Jean Harlow and Gloria Swanson, in their early motion pictures?

Answer 25

Nail polish

Question 26

Which New York chemist introduced the first permanent haircolor in 1932 and founded a company called Clairol in 1935?

Answer 26

Lawrence Gelb

Question 27

Cold waving, or permanent waving, was developed by scientists in 1941 as a new type of permanent waving that did not use heat. What is the modern-day term for this waving lotion?

Answer 27

Alkaline perms

Question 28

Which group ushered in a new era of highlighting in the 1970s by introducing the art of hair weaving using aluminum foil?

Answer 28

French hairdressers

Question 29

In 1985, a hairdresser, _____, led by his passion for his craft and environment, revolutionized the beauty industry by inventing the world’s first ammonia-free haircolor.

Answer 29

Farouk Shami

Question 30

Who coined the name “day spa” in the late 1980s?

Answer 30

Noel DeCaprio

Question 31

Which activity is most important to a successful career, holds the key to individual development and personal motivation, provides knowledge and builds confidence, and promotes career advancement?

Answer 31

Continuing education

Question 32

The salon industry depends heavily on its relationships with product distributors, which are referred to as _____.

Answer 32

distributor sales consultants

Question 33

Cosmetologists may choose to specialize and work in a specific type of facility. Which facility would be least appropriate for a specialist?

Answer 33

Massage clinic

Question 34

Your license will unlock countless doors for employment. However, your career must be _____.

Answer 34

fueled with personal dedication and passion