History and Career Opportunities 2024 milady flashcards
Cosmetology is defined as the _____ of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair.
art and science
The term cosmetology comes from the _____ word kosmeticos, meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics.
Greek
Archaeological studies reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as the _____.
Ice Age
Ancient people around the world used animal hide _____.
to tie hair back or for adornment
Studying the history of cosmetology can _____.
help you predict or understand current trends
Which civilization is most known for using a variety of hairstyles as symbols of tribal traditions to convey messages of age, marital status, power, and rank?
African
Who were the first people to cultivate beauty with extravagant fashions and were the first to use cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits?
The Egyptians
Ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to infuse essential oils from _____ for use as perfumes and for purification purposes.
leaves and blossoms
Which queen erected a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea?
Queen Cleopatra
Which substance was created by ancient Egyptians from a mixture of ground galena (a black mineral), sulfur, and animal fat?
Kohl
What were the royal colors of the Chou Dynasty (circa 1100 BC)?
Gold and silver
What mineral, considered the chief source of mercury, was ground into a fine powder and used to make vermillion, a brilliant red pigment?
Cinnabar
In ancient Rome, women used hair color to indicate their class in society. What color did poor women use to dye their hair?
Black
The process of steam distillation was refined by Avicenna, a _____, around AD 1000.
Persian physician
What was the period in history during which Western civilization made the transition from medieval to modern history?
The Renaissance
During the Renaissance, the unusual practice of shaving the eyebrows and hairline was performed to show a greater expanse of forehead. A brow-less forehead was thought to give a woman a look of greater _____.
intelligence
During which austere and restrictive period in British history (1837–1901) did Queen Victoria reign?
Victorian Age
Why did women pinch their cheeks and bite their lips during the Victorian Age?
To induce natural color
Who were the biggest trendsetters in beauty applications in the early twentieth century?
Celebrities and society figures
Which Polish immigrant Americanized his name in 1908 and moved to Los Angeles, where he began making and selling makeup?
Max Factor
What wrapping technique was introduced when women cut their hair into the short-bobbed style after World War I?
Croquignole
_____, the child of former slaves, was a pioneer in the modern African American hair care and cosmetics industry.
Sarah Breedlove
Who invented the first curling iron in 1872?
Marcel Grateau
What year was the preheat-perm method introduced?
1931
