History and Basic Topics Flashcards
What are the four “D’s” of psychopathology?
Deviance, Danger, Distress, Dysfunction
Deviance (def)
Abnormal behavior, thoughts, and emotions are those that differ markedly from a society’s ideas about proper functioning.
Distress (def)
a state of emotional suffering that can include symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as physical symptoms
Dysfunction (def)
It interferes with daily functioning. It so upsets, distracts, or confuses people that they cannot care for themselves
Danger (def)
Behavior is consistently careless, hostile, or confused and they may be placing themselves or those around them at risk
What characterizes an “eccentric”
unusual pattern(s) with which
others have no right to interfere; lacks the four D’s
Trephination
a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull; as a treatment for severe abnormal
behavior—either hallucinations or melancholia
Humoral theory; The four humors?
bodily chemicals that influence mental
and physical functioning; yellow bile, black bile, blood, and phlegm
Asylums
A type of institution that first became popular in the sixteenth century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most asylums became virtual prisons
Demonological view
People blamed the devil for these troubles and feared
being possessed by him. Abnormal behavior apparently
increased greatly during this period. In addition, there were outbreaks of mass madness
Moral treatment
A nineteenth-century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment.
somatogenic perspective
The view that abnormal functioning has physical causes.
psychogenic perspective
The view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological.
psychoanalysis
Either the theory or the treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology
Krafft-Ebing’s discovery
injected matter from syphilis sores into
patients suffering from general paresis and found that none of the patients developed symptoms of syphilis.
Wagner-Jauregg’s treatment for “general paresis”
discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica
Hysteria
Items suggesting that the person may use physical or mental symptoms as a way of unconsciously avoiding conflicts and responsibilities
Mesmerism
patients sit in a darkened room filled with music; then he appeared, dressed in a colorful costume, and touched the troubled area of each patient’s body with a special rod.
Hypnotism
a procedure in which a person is placed in a trancelike
mental state during which he or she becomes extremely suggestible
Psychodynamic therapies
range from Freudian psychoanalysis to modern
therapies based on self theory or object relations theory.
Free Association
The therapist tells the patient to describe any thought, feeling, or image that comes to mind, even if it seems unimportant.
catharsis
The reliving of past repressed feelings in order to settle internal conflicts and overcome problems
working through
The psychoanalytic process of facing conflicts, reinterpreting feelings, and overcoming one’s problems.
Psychodynamic model
believe that a person’s behavior, whether normal or abnormal, is determined largely by underlying psychological forces of which he or she is not consciously aware
Deinstitutionalization
The practice, begun in the 1960s, of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals
multicultural psychology
The field that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, and gender on behaviors and thoughts, and focuses on how such factors may influence the origin, nature, and treatment of abnormal behavior
