History and Approaches Flashcards
Wave
School of thought
Trephination
Stone Age humans carving holes through the skull to release evil spirits.
Plato and Democritus
Theorized about the relationship between thought and behavior
When was the beginning of scientific psychology?
1879
Who set up the first psychological laboratory in an apartment near the university at Leipzig-German?
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
The examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes?
Introspection
Wilhelm Wundt used what technique in his experiments?
Introspection
What’s the theory of structuralism?who described this theory?
- The idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations
- Wilhelm Wundt
Who published the science’s first textbook?when?the title?
William James, 1890, The Principles of Psychology
Which theory did James use?
Functionalism
Functionalism
How these structures Wundt identified function in our lives
Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930)
- Studied with William James
- Became president of the American Psychological Association
Margaret Floy Washburn
1871-1939
First woman to earn ph.d in psychology
G.Stanley Hall 1844-1924`
- Student of William James
- Study of child development
- First president of the American Psychological Association
Wundt and James were experimenting with which theory?
Introspection
Gestalt psychologists
1880-1943
- Argued against dividing human thought and behavior into discrete structures (person’s total experience)
- “the whole experience is often more than just the sum of the parts of the experience”
- Examine client’s difficulty and the context in which the difficulty occurs
Which theory revolutionized psychology?
Psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Unconscious mind?
A part of our mind over which we do not have conscious control that determines how we think and behave
Repression?
The pushing down into the unconscious events and feelings that cause so much anxiety and tension that our conscious mind cannot deal with them
According to Freud we can examine the unconscious mind thorugh?
Dream analysis, word association, other psychoanalytic therapy techniques
Freud’s theory has been criticized for?
Being unscientific and creating unverifiable theories (no evidence)
Freud’s theory are now used by psychologists in
Day-to-day speech (e.g defense mechanisms)
John Watson (1878-1958)
- Studied the conditioning experiments of Ivan Pavlov
- Psychology should be based on observable phenomena to be considered a science
Behaviorists
Look at only behavior and causes of behavior, stimuli (environmental events) and responses (physical reactions)
B.F Skinner
1904-1990
Included the idea of “reinforcement”
Reinforcement?
Environmental stimuli that either encourage or discourage certain responses
What was the dominant school of thought in psychology from the 1920s through the 1960s?
Behaviorism
Psychologists that base their ideas and therapies from multiple perspectives are?
Eclectic
