History and Approaches

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

Scientific

Answer 2

Answering questions based on observable facts, data, and established methods

Question 3

Behavior

Answer 3

Observable actions

Question 4

Mental Processes

Answer 4

Thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions, motivations, dreams, and subjective experiences

Question 5

Rene Descartes

Answer 5

Dualism, or the idea that the mind and body are separate entities that interact

Question 6

Plato

Answer 6

Nativism, or the idea that certain kinds of knowledge are inborn or innate

Question 7

Aristotle

Answer 7

Philosophical empiricism, or the idea that all knowledge is acquired through experience

Question 8

Physiology

Answer 8

The branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms

Question 9

The Science of Psychology

Answer 9

Wilheim Wundt promotes the belief that experimental methods should be used to study mental processes

Question 10

Structuralism

Answer 10

Edward Titchener, a student of Wundt, held that complex conscious experiences could be broken down into elemental parts or structures

Question 11

Functionalism

Answer 11

Advocated by William James and influenced by Darwin, functionalism focuses on how behaviors function to allow people and animals adapt to their environment

Question 12

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 12

Unconscious mental processes shape feelings, thoughts and behavior

Question 13

Behaviorism

Answer 13

The scientific study of observable behavior

Question 14

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 14

Positive potential of human beings is assumed, emphasis on self-determination, free will and the importance of choice

Question 15

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 15

The scienctific study of how perception, thought, memory, and reasoning are processed