HIstory and Approaches

Question 1

Why does psychology sometimes test obvious hypotheses?

Answer 1

What we think is obvious may not always be true

Question 2

When Solomon Asch designed his lines experiment how did he think people would answer the question?

Answer 2

He thought that people would answer with the correct answer even though everyone else was answering with the wrong answer.

Question 3

The Solomon Asch lines experiment show what?

Answer 3

That peer pressure is a powerful motivator

Question 4

In psychology, misattribution refers to what?

Answer 4

making a mistaken assumption as to what caused a feeling

Question 5

Researchers in the bridge experiment concluded what?

Answer 5

we can misattribute what caused our feelings

Question 6

The humanistic psychologist who offered a supportive environment for clients to delve into their feelings was?

Answer 6

Carl Rogers

Question 7

The prominent cognitive psychologist who suggested our past experiences shape our problem solving skills was?

Answer 7

Jean Paiget

Question 8

The psychology field devoted to studying connections between the body and thoughts, moods and actions is?

Answer 8

Biological Psychology

Question 9

Behavioral psychologist who refuted the concept of free will was?

Answer 9

B.F. Skinner

Question 10

Psychodynamic approach, championed by Signmund Freud, focuses on the study of what?

Answer 10

Unconscious urges and early childhood experiences

Question 11

The possible cause that’s being studied in an experiment is known as

Answer 11

Independent Variable

Question 12

In a scientific experiment, the group that is actively tested is the _______

Answer 12

Experimental Group

Question 13

the placebo effect occurs when ______

Answer 13

a study’s control group falsely believes that they are being treated

Question 14

The possible effect that is being studied in an experiment is known as

Answer 14

dependent variable

Question 15

What is the goal of a double blind study

Answer 15

to prevent the researchers from influencing the outcome

Question 16

Functionalism is a forbearer of what modern-day psychology approach?

Answer 16

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 17

What is Functionalism?

Answer 17

The study of the evolutionary advantages certain behaviors can provide

Question 18

What is the goal of introspection?

Answer 18

To learn what occurred in peoples heads as they completed various tasks

Question 19

Who was William James’ approach heavily influenced by?

Answer 19

Charles Darwin

Question 20

What is the name of the approach pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt?

Answer 20

Structuralism

Question 21

What does Psychodynamic research focus on?

Answer 21

the unconscious

Question 22

Behavior getting influenced by a combination of reinforcements and punishments is an example of _______

Answer 22

Conditioning

Question 23

THe tendency of people to use the closeness of objects to each other in order to perceive a larger image is what?

Answer 23

The Law of Proximity

Question 24

Talk therapy and dream analysis are techniques used in which approach?

Answer 24

Psychoanalysis

Question 25

In Gestalt psychology, our ability to perceive a whole without first noticing its parts is referred to as _____

Answer 25

Emergence

Question 26

The psychology field that developed in responsive to behavioral psychology and focuses on how we learn, solve problems and make decisions is known as ________

Answer 26

Cognitive Psychology

Question 27

Self-Actualization is thought to be a key motivating factor in _______

Answer 27

Humanistic Psychology

Question 28

The field devoted to studying how we progress from one phase to another throughout our lives is ______

Answer 28

Developmental Psychology

Question 29

The psychology field that focuses on our family and friends influencing our behavior is ______

Answer 29

Social Psychology

Question 30

The practice of clinical psychology includes individuals who act as _____

Answer 30

licensed counselors

Question 31

Phillip Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment would’t be approved today because it _________

Answer 31

caused physical and psychological harm

Question 32

The American Psychological Association most commonly allows experiments to be conducted involving all of the following EXCEPT:
* BIRDS * MICE * HUMANS * PRIMATES * RATS

Answer 32

PRIMATES

Question 33

In evaluating potential experiments, a research organization’s institutional review board tries to do what?

Answer 33

Find a balance between the value to science and the potential harm done

Question 34

Deception in psychological research is _______

Answer 34

Allowed but minimized as much as possible

Question 35

The two guiding principles for ethical standards in psychological research are _________

Answer 35

Minimize harm and Informed Consent

Question 36

What did Structuralists believe?

Answer 36

That consciousness was made up of basic elements that were combined in different ways to produce different perceptions.

Question 37

What did Structuralists want to discover?

Answer 37

The form, or basic elements of mental experience.

Question 38

Who set up the first Psychology Lab in the U.S.?

Answer 38

Edward Titchener

Question 39

Who are some of the famous structuralists?

Answer 39

Wilhelm Wundt, Edward Titchener

Question 40

What did Functionalist believe?

Answer 40

consciousness and behavior in general helped people and animals adjust to their environments

Question 41

What did Functionalist want to discover?

Answer 41

How mental experiences or processes were adaptive, or functional, for people.

Question 42

Define biological approach.

Answer 42

Behavior is the workings of genes, the nervous system, hormones, neurotransmitters etc.

Question 43

Define psychodynamic approach.

Answer 43

thoughts, feelings and behaviors stem from the interaction on innate drives and society’s restrictions on the expression of those drives. (Sigmund Freud)

Question 44

Define behaviorist approach

Answer 44

explains behavior primarily in terms of learned responses to predictable patterns of environmental stimuli (Pavlov’s Dog experiment)

Question 45

Define cognitive approach

Answer 45

developed in large part as a reaction against behaviorism. Focuses on explaining behavior in terms of expectations, feelings, thoughts etc.

Question 46

Define humanistic approach.

Answer 46

people aren’t merely machines whose behaviors are determined for them by a genetic code, conflicted childhood, brushes with stimuli or cold mechanical calculations. ** Motivated by a desire for optimal growth and development (Self-actualization)

Question 47

Correlational Studies

Answer 47

involve assessing the relationship between two variables, but because neither variable is manipulated there is no way to determine whether changes in one variable cause changes in the other, only how changes in one are related to changes in the other can be determined.

Question 48

Positive Relationship

Answer 48

high scores on one variable tend to be paired with high scores on the other variable (and low scores with low scores)

Question 49

Negative Relationship

Answer 49

high scores on one variable tend to be paired with low scores on the other variable

Question 50

correlation coefficient

Answer 50

will describe the strength of the relationship