History Flashcards
Years Johann Sebastian Bach
1685-1750
Polyphonic/contrapuntal texture
The combination of two or more melodic lines
Invention
A keyboard compisition in polyphonic texture based on imitation
Motive
A short melodic or rhythmic fragment used to build a melody
Imitation
Repetition of the same motive, in another voice(or part)
Sequence
A motive or phrase that is represented at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice
What genre is invention in C major, BWV 772?
Solo keyboard work
What performing forces does invention in C major, BWV 772 use?
Originally in harpischord or clavichord, now often performed on piano
What texture is invention in C major, BWV 772?
Polyphonic texture woth imitative counterpoint
What compositional devices does invention in C major, BWV 772 use?
The invention is based on a seven note motive, treated using imitation, inversion, transposition, and sequence
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement year
1721
Concerto grosso
Three movements(fast-slow-fast)
Baroque orchestral work
A group of solo instruments(concertino) is contrasted with a full string orchestra(ripieno)
ritornello form
a form often used in the first and third movements of concerto grosso
the opening passage(ritornello or “refrain”) is repeated throughout the movement
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement genre
concerto grosso
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement key
D major
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement tempo
allegro
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement structure
ritornello form
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement performing forces
concertino consisting of harpischord, violin, flute; ripieno consisting of string orchestra
What does the ritornello in Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement open with
the violins outlining the tonic chord
In meseaurs 1-9 of Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement, what roles do the harpischord and violin fulfill?
members of the ripieno(they blend in with the orchestra rather than staanding out)
In measures 9-12 of Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement, what does Bach focus on?
three solo instruments: the flute and violin have an imitative dialogue
What does the harpischord exhibit in Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement?
Breathtaking virtuosity with rapid scale runs and sweeping arpeggios
Cadenza
a solo passage, in an improcisatory style , demonstrating the virtuosity of the performer.
What is the last measures(153-219) of Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement?
a harpischord cadenza
Years Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1756-1791
chamber music
music for a small ensemble with one part per player that is usually performed without a conductor
homophonic texture
a single line of melody supported by a harmonic accompaniment
sonata form
the most important musical form invented in teh Classical era
consists of three sections: ex[position, development, and recapitulation
may be understood as a musical journey, consisting of statement, departure, and return
exposition
first section of sonata form
the main themes are stated; this often consits of two contrasting themes
development
middle section of sonata form
the return of main themes stated in teh exposition =
What genre is Eine kleine Nachtmusik, K 525, first movement?
chamber music
what are the performing forces of Eine kleine Nachtmusik, K 525, first movement?
scored for two violins, viola, cello, and optional double bass; often performed by small string orchestra
Key of Eine kleine Nachtmusik, K 525, first movement
G major
Tempo of Eine kleine Nachtmusik, K 525, first movement
Allegro
Form of Eine kleine Nachtmusik, K 525, first movement
sonata
measures 1-55 of Eine kleine Nachtmusik, K 525, first movement
exposition
opens with a lively unison melody
The opening theme outlines the tonic and dominant chords
An ascending bridge passage leads away from the tonic twoard the dominant key
