History

Question 1

Ziggurat

Answer 1

Temple in the form of step-pyramid build in the center of Mesopotamian city to honor the gods.

Question 2

Cuneiform

Answer 2

The wedge-shaped writing system that developed in Sumer, the 1st writing system in the world. 1st just pictures of object, then symbols-ideograms

Question 3

Indo-European language family

Answer 3

A large family of lang.s includes English, most of the lang.s of modern Europe, greek, latin, Persian, hindi, Bengali & Sanskrit, the sacred tongue of ancient india

Question 4

Phoenicians

Answer 4

People of the prosperous city-states in what is now Lebanon who dominated throughout the Mediterranean and spread the letter alphabet

Question 5

Yahweh

Answer 5

All-powerful god of the Hebrew people & the basis for the enduring religious traditions of Judaism.

Question 6

Aryans

Answer 6

The dominant people in North India after the decline of the Indus valley civilization; they spoke an early form of Sanskrit

Question 7

Rigveda

Answer 7

The earliest collection of Indian hymns, rituals texts, and philosophical treatises; it’s the central source of information on early Aryans

Question 8

Caste System

Answer 8

The Indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially married within the group

Question 9

Samsara

Answer 9

The transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth

Question 10

Karma

Answer 10

The tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of an individual’s next life

Question 11

Nirvana

Answer 11

A state of blissful nothingness and freedom from reincarnation

Question 12

mahayana

Answer 12

The “great Vehicle” a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive

Question 13

Bodhisattvas

Answer 13

Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation

Question 14

Logographic

Answer 14

A system of writing in which each word is presented by a single symbol, such as the Chinese script

Question 15

Mandate of heaven

Answer 15

the theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he rules in the interest of people

Question 16

Warring states period

Answer 16

The period of Chinese history between 403 & 221 bce when states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed.

Question 17

Filial Piety

Answer 17

Reverent attitude of children to their parens extolled by Confucius

Question 18

Dao

Answer 18

The way the whole natural order in Daoist philosophy. In Confucianism it means the moral order

Question 19

Legalist

Answer 19

Political theorists who emphasized the need for rigorous laws and laud the basis for China’s ;ater bureaucratic government

Question 20

yin and yang

Answer 20

A concept of complementary poles, one of which represents the femininem dark and receptive, and the other masculine, bright and assertive

Question 21

hoplites

Answer 21

Heavily armed citizens who served as infantrymen and fought to defend the polis

Question 22

Tyranny

Answer 22

Rule by one man who took over an existing government, generally by using his wealth to gain a political following

Question 23

Delian League

Answer 23

A grand naval alliance created by the Athenians aimed at liberating Ionia from persian rule

Question 24

consuls

Answer 24

Primary executives in the Roman republic, elected for one-year terms, who commanded the army in battle, administered state business, and supervised financial affairs, originally the office was limited to patricians.

Question 25

patricians

Answer 25

The Roman aristocracy; wealthy landowners who held political power

Question 26

Plebeians

Answer 26

The common people of Rome, who had few of the patricians” advantages

Question 27

Senate

Answer 27

The assembly that was the main instruction of government in the Roman republic. It grew out of an earlier council of advisers to the king

Question 28

manumission

Answer 28

The feeling of individual slaves by their masters

Question 29

pax Romana

Answer 29

A period of Roman security, order, harmony, flourishing culture, and expending economy during the first and second centuries

Question 30

Confucian classics

Answer 30

The ancient tets recovered during the Han Dynasty that Confucian scholars treated as sacred scriptures

Question 31

Records of the Grand Historian

Answer 31

A comprehensive history of China written by Sima Qian

Question 32

Tributary system

Answer 32

A system first established during the Han Dynasty to regulate contact with foreign powers. States and tribes beyond its borders sent envoys bearing gifts and received gifts in return

Question 33

Age of Division

Answer 33

The period after the fall of the Han Dynasty, when China was politically divided

Question 34

Grand Canal

Answer 34

A canal build during the Sui Dynasty, that connected the Yellow and yangzi Rivers, notable for strengthening China’s internal cohesion and economic development

Question 35

Pure land

Answer 35

A school of Buddhism that taught that by calling on the Buddha Amitabha and his chief helper, one could achieve rebirth in Amitabha’s Pure Land paradise.

Question 36

Chan

Answer 36

A school of Buddhism ( known in Japan as Zen) that rejected the authority of the sutras and claimed the superiority of Buddhist truths.

Question 37

Shinto

Answer 37

The way of the Gods; it was the native religion espoused by the Yamato rulers in Japan

Question 38

Corpus Juris Civilis

Answer 38

The body of civil law it’s composed of the Code, the Digest, and the Institutes

Question 39

Arianism

Answer 39

A theological belief, originating wiht Arius, a priest of Alexandria, that denied that Christ was co-eternal with God the Father.

Question 40

iconoclastic controversy

Answer 40

the conflict over the veneration of religious images in the Byzantine Empire

Question 41

Wergeld

Answer 41

Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes

Question 42

Merovingian

Answer 42

A dynasty founded in 481 by the Frankish chieftain Clovis in what is now France. Merovingian derives from Merovech, the name of the semi-legendary leader from whom Clovis claimed descent.

Question 43

Carolingians

Answer 43

A dynasty of rulers that took over the Frankish kingdom from the Merovingians in the seventh century; Carolinigians derivers from the latin word for Charles, the name of several members of this dynasty

Question 44

Treaty of Verdun

Answer 44

A traty ratified in 843 that divided Charlemagne’s territories among his 3 surviving grandsons; their kingdoms set the pattern for the modern states of France, Italy and Germany