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champagne master > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

First settlers in Champagne

A

Celts

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2
Q

Rome ruled Champagne from

A

50AD to 461AD (collapse of the Empire)

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3
Q

Roman name for Reims

A

Durocortorum

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4
Q

Champagne was in what Roman Province

A

Gallia Belgica

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5
Q

Year of defeat of Attila the Hun

A

451 in Chalons-sur-Marne

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6
Q

5th century, what tribe pushed West & under what leader

A

Franks under Clovis

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7
Q

Louis VIII crowned in Cathedral of Reims

A

1223

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8
Q

How many french kings crowned in Cathedral of Reims?

A

27 kings from Louis VIII (1223) to Charles X (1825) = over 600yrs

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9
Q

Years of the Hundred Years War

A

1337-1453. King of England vs House of Valois

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10
Q

Abbey Saint-Pierre de Hautvillers founded

A

650

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11
Q

In 12th century, how many communes grew grapes?

A

131 communes.

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12
Q

In the 15th century, how many communes grew grapes?

A

400 communes.

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13
Q

Thirty Years War dates

A

1618-1648

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14
Q

Dom Pérignon birth/death

A

1638/9 to 1715

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15
Q

What is Tocane?

A

Sparkling wines from Ay, popular by the end of the 1600s but not well understood or controlled.

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16
Q

3 main production developments in the 17th century

A

1) bottles were made with uniform neck openings
2) cork was reintroduced as a seal
3) new glass was developed in England that could withstand pressure

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17
Q

How did glass get stronger in the 1600s?

A

1) Sir Robert Mansell convinced the King to prohibit the use of wood due to dwindling forests. Glassblowers switched to coal, which provided steadier and stronger heat.
2) Mansell, trying to make coloured glass, added iron and manganese, creating stronger glass.

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18
Q

Name of Dom Perignon’s successor

A

Frere Pierre

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19
Q

First written reference to sparkling wine

A

1710 - ‘Vins pour mousser’ and ‘vins mousseux’

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20
Q

Debut of official champagne bottle

A

March 8, 1735, by royal decree. Had to weigh min. 25oz and hold a Paris pint.

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21
Q

Ruinart est.

A

1729

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22
Q

Moet est.

A

1743

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23
Q

Delamotte & Lanson est.

A

1760

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24
Q

Veuve-Clicquot est.

A

1772

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25
Q

Roederer est.

A

1776

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26
Q

Heidsieck est.

A

1785

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27
Q

French Revolution date

A

1789

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28
Q

English ban on importation of wine in bottle

A

1729-1800 (King George II)

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29
Q

Total production at end of 1700s

A

About 300,000 bottles

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30
Q

Perrier-Jouet est.

A

1811

31
Q

Billecart-Salmon est.

A

1825

32
Q

Mumm Giesler & Cie. est.

A

1827

33
Q

Renaudin-Bollinger est.

A

1829

34
Q

Deutz est.

A

1838

35
Q

Krug est.

A

1843

36
Q

Pol Roger est.

A

1853

37
Q

First mention of sugar being added to increase effervescence

A

1821

38
Q

Year Pasteur discovered yeast

A

1857

39
Q

Equation for sugar to atm of pressure

A

4g sugar = 1atm pressure

40
Q

Invention of the pupitre

A

1840 Collab. between Madame Clicquot & chef de cave Antoine Muller

41
Q

Beginning of Sec bottlings

A

1850s, for the English market, especially coming from Veuve Clicquot

42
Q

Jacquesson est.

A

1798

43
Q

Invention of the Muselet

A

1844 by Adolphe Jacquesson, widely adopted by end of 1870s

44
Q

Total production at end of 1800s

A

28.5 million bottles

45
Q

Angers Court of Appeal decision

A

1887, decision that the word ‘champagne’ could only be used for wines from that region

46
Q

Madrid Agreement

A

Ratified 1891 between 9 countries, to establish a union through which registered marks would be protected by member states.

47
Q

Year phylloxera arrived in Champagne

A

1890

48
Q

Year of creation of Federation des Syndicats Viticoles de la Champagne

A

1904

49
Q

First law to regulate brands, marks, and areas of origin

A

1905, borders made official 1908

50
Q

Creation of echelle des Crus

A

1911

51
Q

Number of Grand Cru, Premier Cru, Other villages

A

17, 42, 261

52
Q

Champagne Riots

A

Started in 1910, started seriously January 1911, ended June 1911.

53
Q

Year the Aube was included in the Champagne Viticole

A

1927

54
Q

Formation of Commission de Chalons

A

1935

55
Q

Year of first bottling of Moet’s Dom Perignon

A

1937

56
Q

Year of first bottling of Cristal

A

1876

57
Q

Who is Otto Klaebisch

A

German sparkling wine producer sent to Champagne to serve as Weinfuhrer to manage wine extraction and sale.

58
Q

Year of formation of CIVC

A

1941

59
Q

Year first intentionally crafted sparkling wine is made

A

1695/98

60
Q

Mechanisation of glass-blowing

A

1936

61
Q

Year phylloxera arrived

A

1888

62
Q

Pre/post-phylloxera vineyard area

A

Pre: 50,000ha
Post: 12,000ha

63
Q

Current planting density

A

8,000 vines/ha

64
Q

Total hectares under vine today

A

34,300ha

65
Q

Date of INAO commission report for expanding the Champagne viticole

A

Submitted 2007, made public 2008

66
Q

Taittinger est.

A

1734

67
Q

Gosset est.

A

1584

68
Q

Appearance of first “champagne glass”

A

1755, England - first called flute in 1772.

69
Q

Methuen Treaty

A

1703, England guaranteed Portugal 1/3 of the duty excised on the wines of France

70
Q

Approximately how many champagne houses are there?

A

320

71
Q

Which houses use oak in NV Brut?

A

Jacquesson, Bollinger, Drappier, Roederer, Veuve Clicquot (soon, Lanson and Mumm).

72
Q

What is Spécial Club?

A

1971: Club de Viticultures Champenois
1999: name changed to Club Trésors de Champagne + creation of prestige cuvée, ‘Spécial Club’.
RM only, subject to two blind tastings: one at still stage, second sometime after 36mo in bottle.

73
Q

End of the Échelle des Crus

A

2003

74
Q

Average price per hectare

A

850,000 Euros

champagne master (3 decks)

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