History Flashcards
The US supported this cuban during the 1933-1944 dictatorship
Fulgencio Batista
Batista fled the island on Jan 1, 1959, leaving the capitol of havana in celebration and chaos, under Fidel Castro’s lead.
Why were US officials opposed to Fidel Castro’s rule?
because:
- he was a Leftist
- They worried he might ultimately attack the US economic interest in cuba. US investments and properties.
- after coming into power he allied himself with the communist party and grew friendlier with the Sviet Union.
When did the US sever ties with Cuba?
The US severed diplomatic and economic ties with Cuba and enacted a trade and travel embargo in 1959 that lasted until 2015.
What was the pay of pigs invasion
An unsuccessful attempt to remove Castro [Cuba dictator] from power in April 1961. Fidel Castro became on of the world’s longest-ruling heads of state, eventually ceded power to his younger brother Raul in 2008.
What was the reason behind the Jan 1st, 1781 mutiny of the Pennsylvania Line
1,500 soldiers from the Pennsylvania line, under General Anthony Wayne’s command, insisted that their 3 year enlistments were expired and in a drunken rage killed 3 officers and abandoned the Continental Army’s winter camp.
What did the Redcoats do in response to the Jan 1st, 1781 mutiny of the Continental Army’s Pennsylvania Line?
British General Henry Clinton meet with the mutineers and offered them full pardon/pay owed should they join the Redcoats. Instead the mutineers marched on Philadelphia captured Clinton and aired their grievances to Wayne.
With this show of devotion to the Patriot cause, the mutineers strengthened their position in negotiations with Congress.
Who was Henry Ford?
Henry Ford (1863-1947) established the Ford Motor Company; five years later, he introduced the Model T, an affordable car for the masses. Henry Ford was also credited with pioneering the moving assembly line and introducing, in 1914, the $5-per-day minimum wage and the eight-hour workday. This made it possible for ordinary factory workers to buy the cars they built and helped to create the American middle class.
When did the Emancipation Proclamation take effect?
Jan 1, 1863
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
The proclamation freed all slaves in states that were still in rebellion on January 1, 1863. Lincoln used vacated Congressional seats to determine the areas still in rebellion, as some parts of the South had already been recaptured and representatives returned to Congress under Union supervision. As the proclamation freed slaves only in rebellious areas it actually freed no one, since these were areas not yet under Union control. The measure was still one of the most important acts in American history, however, as it meant slavery would end when those areas were recaptured. Most crucially, this measure effectively sabotaged Confederate attempts to secure recognition by foreign governments, especially Great Britain. When reunification was the sole goal of the North, the Confederates could be viewed by foreigners as freedom fighters being held against their will by the Union. But after the Emancipation Proclamation, the Southern cause was now the defense of slavery. The proclamation was a shrewd maneuver by Lincoln to brand the Confederate States as a slave nation and render foreign aid impossible.
When was the first New Year’s Day?
45 B.C.
Soon after becoming Roman dictator, Julius Caesar decided that the traditional Roman calendar was in dire need of reform. Introduced around the seventh century B.C., the Roman calendar attempted to follow the lunar cycle but frequently fell out of phase with the seasons and had to be corrected. In addition, the pontifices, the Roman body charged with overseeing the calendar, often abused its authority by adding days to extend political terms or interfere with elections.
1803 Haitian Independence
Two months after his defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte’s colonial forces, Jean-Jacques Dessalines proclaims the independence of Saint-Domingue, renaming it Haiti after its original Arawak name.
In 1804, General Dessalines assumed dictatorial power, and Haiti became the second independent nation in the Americas. Later that year, Dessalines proclaimed himself Emperor Jacques I. He was killed putting down a revolt two years later.
Who was Toussaint-Louverture?
Leader of the slave revolt that erupted on the french colony in 1791. Toussaint became the governor-general of the colony in 1801, conquered the Spanish portion of the island and freeing the slaves. In response Napoloneon invaded in 1802 and arrested/killed Toussaint.
Soon after his capture of Toussaint, Napoloneon announced the reintroduction of slavery, promoting Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Toussaint’s friend and comrade to lead a secondary revolution that resulted in the independence of Haiti.
What was Operation Sam Houston?
Beginning on Jan 1, 1967, The purpose of the operation was to interdict the movement of North Vietnamese troops and equipment into South Vietnam from communist sanctuaries in Cambodia and Laos. The operation ended on April 5. A total of 169 U.S. soldiers were killed in action; 733 enemy casualties were reported.
When was the UN created?
The United Nations was created on Jan 1, 1942.
On this day, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill issue a declaration, signed by representatives of 26 countries, called the “United Nations.” The signatories of the declaration vowed to create an international postwar peacekeeping organization.
What was the Arcadia Conference?
On December 22, 1941, Churchill arrived in Washington, D.C., for the Arcadia Conference, a discussion with President Roosevelt about a unified Anglo-American war strategy and a future peace. The attack on Pearl Harbor meant that the U.S. was involved in the war, and it was important for Great Britain and America to create and project a unified front against Axis powers. Toward that end, Churchill and Roosevelt created a combined general staff to coordinate military strategy against both Germany and Japan and to draft a plan for a future joint invasion of the Continent.
Among the most far-reaching achievements of the Arcadia Conference was the United Nations agreement. Led by the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, the signatories agreed to use all available resources to defeat the Axis powers. It was agreed that no single country would sue for a separate peace with Germany, Italy, or Japan-they would act in concert. Perhaps most important, the signatories promised to pursue the creation of a future international peacekeeping organization dedicated to ensuring “life, liberty, independence, and religious freedom, and to preserve the rights of man and justice.”
