History Flashcards
The discovery of gold in California in 1848 and resulting statehood in 1850 changed
the political landscape of the United States primarily because
There was a temporary resolution to the Freestate/slave state controversy
The central valley
Associated with San Joaquin Valley the most productive agricultural area in California and extends inland from Bakersfield to Fresno
The Indus River
The earliest Indian civilization the Harappa culture developed around the Indus River Valley and 2500 BC.
“Manifest destiny”
Slogan that the belief that the United States was ordained by God as a great nation and therefore was justified in expanding territorially from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific ocean.
Athens is credited with establishing
The worlds first democracy. And developing democratic institutions
The transcontinental railroad
Completed in 1869 in Utah connected the east in the west coast of the United States by rail and revolutionize the settlement of the west.
Transformed California
Juan Cabrillo
First European to reach coastal California
What way did geographic factors have an important influence on the development of Inca civilization between the 11th and 15th centuries?
The mountains of western South America were an impediment to building an empire, prompting the development of sophisticated engineering technologies
Vasco de Gama
First European to reach India by sea
Muslims contributions to institutions
Hospitals, medical schools, libraries, universities
France’s original colonial power region
Controlled the Mississippi River region, the Louisiana territory, the Great Lakes, and Canada
Positive result of the war of 1812
The new nation gained international respect as a country
Executive branch of government
President. Is responsible for enforcing the laws
Muslim contributions to agriculture
Cash crops, crop rotation, irrigation
Battle of Gettysburg
July 1–3 1863 Took place in a small Pennsylvania town, Union victory.
Union general Meade defeated Confederate General Lee and prevented Lee’s second invasion of the north
Passage of the civil rights legislation in California
Hiram Johnson as the governor of California the progressive movement failed to achieve this reform
Hiram Johnson was elected governor of California 1910
The Catholic Church most influence which developments in medieval Europe
They emergence of universities
What power does the governor of California possess but the president of the US does not possess?
Power to veto specific sections of us spending bill
The Roman empire’s “breadbasket”
North Africa specifically Egypt. As the empire expanded Rome wasn’t able to provide sufficient grain from the Italian peninsula to feed of the population at home and the military army abroad. Imported grain became a necessity
“Gift of the Nile”
What Egypt is referred to as, because of its history, culture, and religious beliefs are so closely tied to the river
Bear flag revolt
In 1846 resulted in California settlers declaring their independence from Mexico and a bloodless coup after capturing Mexican general Mariano Vallejo in Sonoma California
Who were the Big Four?
Leland Stanford governor of California and president of the Central Pacific.
Collis Huntington financier of the project and vice President of the railroad.
Charles Crocker director of the railroad
Mark Hopkins financier and coordinator of the project
Term limit for California Supreme Court justices
12 years
1770
The Boston massacre
Was a military state in ancient Greece
Sparta
The invention of barbed wire
Invention that had the most revolutionary impact on economic development of the American west during the 19th century
The leading thinkers of the 18th century Enlightenment supported
Liberal, humanitarian, and scientific trends of thought
Four groups of the caste system
Priests and teachers
Rulers and Warriors
Merchants and artisans
Peasants and servants which was the lowest caste
What best describes the primary purpose for establishing the mission system?
To maintain a self-sufficient agriculture economy that produced of food surplus. The mission system in California it was originally intended to be temporary
The McCormick reaper
Invented in 1831 made the Midwest the “bread basket” of the United States. Made it possible to for farmers to increase crop yields, reduce costs, and expand acreage.
Problem of the Los Angeles aqueduct
Within decades it became apparent that the Owens River Valley water supplies were still in adequate for the rapidly expanding population of the Southern California area
1765
Date of the Stamp Act. was a background cause of the American Revolution
Why did Spain send explores to Alta California in the 16th century?
To discover a water passage that connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, starting with Cortez and 1553
Central argument proposed in the Federalist papers.
The need for a strong central government to government country effectively written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay.
John Locke
An English philosopher believed that people made a contract with their government to protect natural rights. He did not believe in absolutism.
Locke’s ideas influenced the United States Declaration of Independence
Two positive aspects of industrialization after civil war
Increase opportunities for nonfarm employment and unprecedented expansion in transportation
Berbers
a member of an indigenous people of North Africa. The majority of Berbers are settled farmers
Factory conditions during the industrialization movement
Were unsafe. Many hazards in the whirl of the machine and in the long hours of rapid pace of work, the constant pressure of work faster resulted in numerous accidents and lost limbs
Leading city of Ancient Greece
Athens
Unicameral
One house legislature
What was the Big Four?
The Big Four where the primary economic and political leaders behind the building of the transcontinental railroad.
They provided the financial backing for the Central Pacific Railroad which developed the western part of the route through the Sierras connecting Sacramento to Utah.
Chronological order of the emergence of each of the national party in the United States
Federalist
Democratic
Whig
Republican
Primary reason for dramatic population increase in Mexicans living in California?
The Mexicans replaced the Japanese as low-paid agricultural workers
During the Civil War one of the major military strategies of the north was based on geographically dividing the South at the
Mississippi river
The stated purpose of the crusades
To win control of the Holy Land from the Muslims (infidels or non-Christians) lasted almost 2 centuries. expanded trade routes were a positive effect of the crusades on the west
Richard Nixon
Native Californian. 36th president of the United States.
President Johnson vetoed numerous radical Republican Congressional acts
President Andrew Johnson’s reconstruction policy 1866 to 1867 of leniency to the defeated South angered and frustrated the radical Republicans in control of Congress
The Netherlands original colonial power region
Controlled a small area in the Hudson river valley
Hamiltons financial plan favored
Passing an excise tax on whiskey
Favoring the industrial sector of the economy
Establishing a national currency
Middle passage
was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade.
Alexander Graham Bell
Invented the telephone in 1876 after the Civil War
As a result of the Mexican war of 1840s California became a territory of the United States. What was the immediate cause of the war?
A boundary dispute between the United States and Mexico
The Constitution
Provided for a strong central government was power over taxation, interstate commerce, and eliminating the veto power of state over legislation
Believes in reincarnation
Buddhism
14th amendment
Passed in 1866 gave citizenship to the former slaves
Cornerstone of the Republican reconstruction legislation along with amendment 13
Historically what best describes the Hindu caste system?
No amount of success would allow a person to move from one caste to another
The vast majority of immigrants to the United States in the period from 1840 to 1880 primarily came from
Northern and Western Europe
Approximately 10 million people immigrated to the United States largely from Northern and Western Europe.
this wave of immigration was referred to as the “old” immigration
Alexander the great of Macedonia conquered what
Persia, Asia minor, and Egypt and established a world empire
Battle of Saratoga
And
Battle of Yorktown
Important revolutionary war battles
Uncle Tom’s cabin
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 intensified both anti-slavery debate and abolitionist attitudes in the United States. profound effect on the national anti-slavery movement prior to the Civil War
Europe referred to as Christendom during the middle ages because
The church became the preserver of civilization in both political and religious life
Ghana
First great west African trading empire, produce salt and gold
1830s
The South lost control of the house (based on population)
Why do we celebrate Cinco de Mayo?
The victory of the Mexican militia in 1862 over the occupying French army in Mexico. Cinco de Mayo commemorates the victory of the poorly equipped Mexican militia over the occupying French army.
Judicial branch of government
Supreme court. Responsible for interpreting laws
1848
The Mexican war ended
What act established the basis for a substantial increase in the Asian population of California?
Immigration reform act of 1965
Leland Stanford
Governor of California and president of the Central Pacific
One of the Big Four who built the Transcontinental Railroad
Georgia
Founded by James Oglethorpe became the last of the original 13 colonies. It was not founded as a result of religious persecution
Ponce de Leon
Explored Florida in 1513 and claimed the area for Spain
The massive granite pyramids of Egypt
Solely as a resting place for the pharaoh, not used for priestly worship
Racial prejudice of African Americans in California during WWII
Was prohibited in defense projects prejudice and discrimination were common place especially in housing and education. Restrictive covenants were legalized to prevent blacks and other minorities from home ownership in white areas.
The annual flooding of the Nile
Happened each September, provided huge amounts of fertile soil for the development of agriculture and abundant water for irrigation along the Nile Delta
Pueblo
an American Indian settlement of the southwestern US, especially one consisting of multistoried adobe houses. Villages or towns of Native Americans
“Join or Die”
Benjamin Franklin’s cartoon first printed in 1754. What is the most famous political cartoon printed in colonial times. Franklin used initials on various parts of the snake to represent the colonies.
Chinese exclusion act
Discrimination against the Chinese intensified during the economic downturn in the 1870s. Prior to that Chinese immigration was encouraged for low paying labor for work in the mining and railroad industries.
Passed in 1882
Phoencians
First explorers, traders, and colonizers throughout the Mediterranean. (invented the first true alphabet)
With little land to farm the Phoenicians became sea traders and built the great trading cities of Tyre and Sidon.
What made it Necessary for the Industrial Revolution to begin in England
Existence of large quantities of coal and iron
Rapid increase in the English middle class
Large supply of cheap labor
The Imperial Valley
Is an agricultural-based area located in south eastern and southern California and borders Mexico