History Flashcards

1
Q

The discovery of gold in California in 1848 and resulting statehood in 1850 changed
the political landscape of the United States primarily because

A

There was a temporary resolution to the Freestate/slave state controversy

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2
Q

The central valley

A

Associated with San Joaquin Valley the most productive agricultural area in California and extends inland from Bakersfield to Fresno

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3
Q

The Indus River

A

The earliest Indian civilization the Harappa culture developed around the Indus River Valley and 2500 BC.

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4
Q

“Manifest destiny”

A

Slogan that the belief that the United States was ordained by God as a great nation and therefore was justified in expanding territorially from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific ocean.

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5
Q

Athens is credited with establishing

A

The worlds first democracy. And developing democratic institutions

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6
Q

The transcontinental railroad

A

Completed in 1869 in Utah connected the east in the west coast of the United States by rail and revolutionize the settlement of the west.

Transformed California

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7
Q

Juan Cabrillo

A

First European to reach coastal California

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8
Q

What way did geographic factors have an important influence on the development of Inca civilization between the 11th and 15th centuries?

A

The mountains of western South America were an impediment to building an empire, prompting the development of sophisticated engineering technologies

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9
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

First European to reach India by sea

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10
Q

Muslims contributions to institutions

A

Hospitals, medical schools, libraries, universities

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11
Q

France’s original colonial power region

A

Controlled the Mississippi River region, the Louisiana territory, the Great Lakes, and Canada

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12
Q

Positive result of the war of 1812

A

The new nation gained international respect as a country

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13
Q

Executive branch of government

A

President. Is responsible for enforcing the laws

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14
Q

Muslim contributions to agriculture

A

Cash crops, crop rotation, irrigation

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15
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

July 1–3 1863 Took place in a small Pennsylvania town, Union victory.
Union general Meade defeated Confederate General Lee and prevented Lee’s second invasion of the north

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16
Q

Passage of the civil rights legislation in California

A

Hiram Johnson as the governor of California the progressive movement failed to achieve this reform

Hiram Johnson was elected governor of California 1910

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17
Q

The Catholic Church most influence which developments in medieval Europe

A

They emergence of universities

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18
Q

What power does the governor of California possess but the president of the US does not possess?

A

Power to veto specific sections of us spending bill

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19
Q

The Roman empire’s “breadbasket”

A

North Africa specifically Egypt. As the empire expanded Rome wasn’t able to provide sufficient grain from the Italian peninsula to feed of the population at home and the military army abroad. Imported grain became a necessity

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20
Q

“Gift of the Nile”

A

What Egypt is referred to as, because of its history, culture, and religious beliefs are so closely tied to the river

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21
Q

Bear flag revolt

A

In 1846 resulted in California settlers declaring their independence from Mexico and a bloodless coup after capturing Mexican general Mariano Vallejo in Sonoma California

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22
Q

Who were the Big Four?

A

Leland Stanford governor of California and president of the Central Pacific.

Collis Huntington financier of the project and vice President of the railroad.

Charles Crocker director of the railroad

Mark Hopkins financier and coordinator of the project

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23
Q

Term limit for California Supreme Court justices

A

12 years

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24
Q

1770

A

The Boston massacre

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25
Q

Was a military state in ancient Greece

A

Sparta

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26
Q

The invention of barbed wire

A

Invention that had the most revolutionary impact on economic development of the American west during the 19th century

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27
Q

The leading thinkers of the 18th century Enlightenment supported

A

Liberal, humanitarian, and scientific trends of thought

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28
Q

Four groups of the caste system

A

Priests and teachers

Rulers and Warriors

Merchants and artisans

Peasants and servants which was the lowest caste

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29
Q

What best describes the primary purpose for establishing the mission system?

A

To maintain a self-sufficient agriculture economy that produced of food surplus. The mission system in California it was originally intended to be temporary

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30
Q

The McCormick reaper

A

Invented in 1831 made the Midwest the “bread basket” of the United States. Made it possible to for farmers to increase crop yields, reduce costs, and expand acreage.

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31
Q

Problem of the Los Angeles aqueduct

A

Within decades it became apparent that the Owens River Valley water supplies were still in adequate for the rapidly expanding population of the Southern California area

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32
Q

1765

A

Date of the Stamp Act. was a background cause of the American Revolution

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33
Q

Why did Spain send explores to Alta California in the 16th century?

A

To discover a water passage that connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, starting with Cortez and 1553

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34
Q

Central argument proposed in the Federalist papers.

A

The need for a strong central government to government country effectively written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay.

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35
Q

John Locke

A

An English philosopher believed that people made a contract with their government to protect natural rights. He did not believe in absolutism.

Locke’s ideas influenced the United States Declaration of Independence

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36
Q

Two positive aspects of industrialization after civil war

A

Increase opportunities for nonfarm employment and unprecedented expansion in transportation

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37
Q

Berbers

A

a member of an indigenous people of North Africa. The majority of Berbers are settled farmers

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38
Q

Factory conditions during the industrialization movement

A

Were unsafe. Many hazards in the whirl of the machine and in the long hours of rapid pace of work, the constant pressure of work faster resulted in numerous accidents and lost limbs

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39
Q

Leading city of Ancient Greece

A

Athens

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40
Q

Unicameral

A

One house legislature

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41
Q

What was the Big Four?

A

The Big Four where the primary economic and political leaders behind the building of the transcontinental railroad.

They provided the financial backing for the Central Pacific Railroad which developed the western part of the route through the Sierras connecting Sacramento to Utah.

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42
Q

Chronological order of the emergence of each of the national party in the United States

A

Federalist
Democratic
Whig
Republican

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43
Q

Primary reason for dramatic population increase in Mexicans living in California?

A

The Mexicans replaced the Japanese as low-paid agricultural workers

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44
Q

During the Civil War one of the major military strategies of the north was based on geographically dividing the South at the

A

Mississippi river

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45
Q

The stated purpose of the crusades

A

To win control of the Holy Land from the Muslims (infidels or non-Christians) lasted almost 2 centuries. expanded trade routes were a positive effect of the crusades on the west

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46
Q

Richard Nixon

A

Native Californian. 36th president of the United States.

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47
Q

President Johnson vetoed numerous radical Republican Congressional acts

A

President Andrew Johnson’s reconstruction policy 1866 to 1867 of leniency to the defeated South angered and frustrated the radical Republicans in control of Congress

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48
Q

The Netherlands original colonial power region

A

Controlled a small area in the Hudson river valley

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49
Q

Hamiltons financial plan favored

A

Passing an excise tax on whiskey

Favoring the industrial sector of the economy

Establishing a national currency

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50
Q

Middle passage

A

was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade.

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51
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

Invented the telephone in 1876 after the Civil War

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52
Q

As a result of the Mexican war of 1840s California became a territory of the United States. What was the immediate cause of the war?

A

A boundary dispute between the United States and Mexico

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53
Q

The Constitution

A

Provided for a strong central government was power over taxation, interstate commerce, and eliminating the veto power of state over legislation

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54
Q

Believes in reincarnation

A

Buddhism

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55
Q

14th amendment

A

Passed in 1866 gave citizenship to the former slaves

Cornerstone of the Republican reconstruction legislation along with amendment 13

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56
Q

Historically what best describes the Hindu caste system?

A

No amount of success would allow a person to move from one caste to another

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57
Q

The vast majority of immigrants to the United States in the period from 1840 to 1880 primarily came from

A

Northern and Western Europe

Approximately 10 million people immigrated to the United States largely from Northern and Western Europe.

this wave of immigration was referred to as the “old” immigration

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58
Q

Alexander the great of Macedonia conquered what

A

Persia, Asia minor, and Egypt and established a world empire

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59
Q

Battle of Saratoga
And
Battle of Yorktown

A

Important revolutionary war battles

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60
Q

Uncle Tom’s cabin

A

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 intensified both anti-slavery debate and abolitionist attitudes in the United States. profound effect on the national anti-slavery movement prior to the Civil War

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61
Q

Europe referred to as Christendom during the middle ages because

A

The church became the preserver of civilization in both political and religious life

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62
Q

Ghana

A

First great west African trading empire, produce salt and gold

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63
Q

1830s

A

The South lost control of the house (based on population)

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64
Q

Why do we celebrate Cinco de Mayo?

A

The victory of the Mexican militia in 1862 over the occupying French army in Mexico. Cinco de Mayo commemorates the victory of the poorly equipped Mexican militia over the occupying French army.

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65
Q

Judicial branch of government

A

Supreme court. Responsible for interpreting laws

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66
Q

1848

A

The Mexican war ended

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67
Q

What act established the basis for a substantial increase in the Asian population of California?

A

Immigration reform act of 1965

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68
Q

Leland Stanford

A

Governor of California and president of the Central Pacific

One of the Big Four who built the Transcontinental Railroad

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69
Q

Georgia

A

Founded by James Oglethorpe became the last of the original 13 colonies. It was not founded as a result of religious persecution

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70
Q

Ponce de Leon

A

Explored Florida in 1513 and claimed the area for Spain

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71
Q

The massive granite pyramids of Egypt

A

Solely as a resting place for the pharaoh, not used for priestly worship

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72
Q

Racial prejudice of African Americans in California during WWII

A

Was prohibited in defense projects prejudice and discrimination were common place especially in housing and education. Restrictive covenants were legalized to prevent blacks and other minorities from home ownership in white areas.

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73
Q

The annual flooding of the Nile

A

Happened each September, provided huge amounts of fertile soil for the development of agriculture and abundant water for irrigation along the Nile Delta

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74
Q

Pueblo

A

an American Indian settlement of the southwestern US, especially one consisting of multistoried adobe houses. Villages or towns of Native Americans

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75
Q

“Join or Die”

A

Benjamin Franklin’s cartoon first printed in 1754. What is the most famous political cartoon printed in colonial times. Franklin used initials on various parts of the snake to represent the colonies.

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76
Q

Chinese exclusion act

A

Discrimination against the Chinese intensified during the economic downturn in the 1870s. Prior to that Chinese immigration was encouraged for low paying labor for work in the mining and railroad industries.

Passed in 1882

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77
Q

Phoencians

A

First explorers, traders, and colonizers throughout the Mediterranean. (invented the first true alphabet)

With little land to farm the Phoenicians became sea traders and built the great trading cities of Tyre and Sidon.

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78
Q

What made it Necessary for the Industrial Revolution to begin in England

A

Existence of large quantities of coal and iron

Rapid increase in the English middle class

Large supply of cheap labor

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79
Q

The Imperial Valley

A

Is an agricultural-based area located in south eastern and southern California and borders Mexico

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80
Q

Central Pacific Railroad

A

One of the 2 companies awarded contracts by US govt to build transcontinental railroad. Broke ground in 1863 in Sacramento California

81
Q

The northeast section of the United States was opposed to the war of 1812 because

A

The war was being fought because of the expansionist goals of the west

82
Q

What best describes how natural resources influence the culture of the California Chumash Indians?

A

The Chumash lived along the southern part of the coastal region, they used tar to waterproof their canoes

83
Q

California uses what to power it’s electric generating plants

A

Natural gas.

In the majority of the United States coal is used to generate electricity

84
Q

Collis Huntington

A

Financier of the project and vice President of the railroad.

One of the Big Four who built the Transcontinental Railroad

85
Q

Francisco de Coronado of Spain

A

In 1540 explored the area that was to become the southwest of the United States

86
Q

Natural barriers of China

A

Himalayan mountains to the Southwest and the Gobi and Taklimakan desert to the north and west that made it difficult for invading armies to penetrate China.

87
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

The remission of temporal punishment for sin through the sale of indulgences

88
Q

The word renaissance refers to

A

A revival of classical Greek and Roman culture. During this period Italy (unlike nationstates of Europe) was compromised of independent city-states that wielded great economic and political power

89
Q

Primary result of the French and Indian war

A

Call the seven years war (1756–1763.) England wanted to expand their holdings in north America and take over France’s lucrative fur trade. France relinquished control of Canada the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley to the British

90
Q

1930s migration to California because of Dust Bowl

A

Great depression lead poor families to California

Dust Bowl disaster lead farmers to California

91
Q

Yurok Indians Who lived along the Northern Pacific Coast

A

Relied on salmon spawning and fishing

92
Q

Two negative effects of industrialization after civil war

A

The accumulation of wealth in the hands of a small number of industrialists and the impact of unsafe working conditions in the factories

93
Q

Theocracy

A

A government by ecclesiastical authorities - with civil authority residing in members of the clergy Puritan New England

94
Q

Which branch of government has the power to declare war

A

Legislative branch

95
Q

1776

A

The year of the Declaration of Independence was signed.

The declaration declared that the people had inalienable rights and the governments were set up to serve the people

96
Q

300,000 African-Americans migrated from the south to California

A

The great migration resulted in large numbers of African-Americans working in factory jobs during the war.

This resulted in substantial African-American population growth in cities such as Los Angeles, San Diego, and Richmond

97
Q

England’s original colonial power region

A

The Atlantic coast of North America below Canada and set up the 13 colonies

98
Q

Hittites

A

Conquered much of Asia minor and northern Mesopotamia

99
Q

Caste System

A

Originated in India (1500 BC) as part of the teachings of Hinduism.

Was outlawed in India in 1950

100
Q

Judicial review

A

A power not written into the Constitution but exercised by the Supreme Court as early as 1803 in the famous Marbury v Madison case.

Refers to the power of the federal courts to interpret the Constitution and to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional

101
Q

Battle of Vicksburg

A

May 18 - July 4, 1863 Vicksburg was a fort that controlled traffic on the Mississippi River. When Vicksburg fell to the union General Grant the Confederacy was split in two

102
Q

U.S. industrialization in the late 19th century

A

Was essentially dehumanizing and impersonal.
Technological innovations resulting in more efficient laborsaving machinery but as machines replace workers and factories grew larger the labor-management relationships became increasingly impersonal

103
Q

Sixth amendment

A

The right to an impartial jury is an essential ingredient of a fair trial

104
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

First European explorer to circumnavigate the globe

105
Q

Shared function of the mission, the Presidio, and the Pueblo in early California history

A

To maintain social order

106
Q

Cesar Chavez is most likely associated with political reforms in what

A

Unionization of migrant farm workers

107
Q

The three classes of the feudal society

A

The nobles
the clergy and
the peasants

108
Q

Mercantilist system

A

System held that wealth was fixed and that the nation could only prosper through a strong government regulation of an economy three trade restrictions and tariffs.

109
Q

“In God we trust”

A

Has appeared on US coins since 1864 during the Lincoln administration when he said “no nation can be strong except in the strength of God”

110
Q

1940-1950

A

Greatest percentage increase in migration to California

111
Q

13th amendment

A

Passed in 1865 -Freed the slaves

Cornerstone of Republican reconstruction legislation along with 14th amendment

112
Q

Egyptian civilization began

A

Along the banks of the Nile river.

Egyptians depended on the river for sustaining their way of life

113
Q

The Erie Canal

A

Completed in 1825, made it possible to travel by boat from Albany New York to Buffalo located on Lake Erie the Erie Canal dramatically increase shipping business to New York Harbor so that New York soon became the largest port in the United States, but the canal was not directly related to food production

114
Q

Best describe Kush ancient civilizations

A

Annual floods enriched lands used for farming and cattle raising

Timber and iron ore deposits provided the basis for a thriving iron industry

It’s capital city it was strategically located on major trade routes

Riches from gold and emerald mines added to the kingdoms prosperity

115
Q

Egypt’s effect on the fall of the Roman Empire

A

The unstable food supply lead to increased domestic political unrest and political discontent. As such the breakdown of the food producing Providence and Egypt and north Africa became a contributing factor in the decline in the fall of the Roman Empire

116
Q

How long does the president have to sign or veto a bill?

A

10 days (not including Sundays)

If the president receives a bill from Congress during the last 10 days of the legislative session and does not act on the bill the bill automatically dies

117
Q

Thomas Edison

A

Invented the electric lightbulb in 1879 after the Civil War

118
Q

Mayan temples

A

Generally have four stairways one for each side of the structure leading to the top platform for priest to perform rituals and placated the gods

119
Q

Best reason to eliminate a protective tariff

A

To encourage free trade

120
Q

Major motive for the establishment of colonial Massachusetts Bay

A

To create a Bible Commonwealth

121
Q

Fiefs

A

Landowners during the middle ages

122
Q

Tariffs

A

Taxes on imports

123
Q

Presidio

A

(in Spain and Spanish America) a fortified military settlement.

124
Q

The articles of confederation

A

Held the new nation together from 1781 to 1789.
Recognizing the military’s difficulties in raising an army during the American Revolution the Articles provided for both declaring war and establishing a military

125
Q

The Sumerians

A

Where the first civilization in Mesopotamia and would have use the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for trade and commerce as well as areas surrounding the Persian Gulf.

126
Q

Reasons for declaration of Independence

A
Tariffs
Lack of representation
Quartering of British soldiers
Boston massacre
The intolerable acts
127
Q

At birth all Spartan males belonged

A

To the state and by the age of seven boys enrolled in the military style camps

128
Q

Feudalism in the early middle ages

A

There were no formal countries but the fiefdom held economic and political power

129
Q

The desert group of California native Americans

A

Included the Mojave and Serrano

130
Q

Mercantilism was the prevailing economic philosophy in the 16th and 17th centuries how did Adam Smith “the wealth of Nations” challenge the prevailing mercantilist view of trade and commerce?

A

Government chartered monopolies were to be replaced by free-trade agreements.

(The Mercantilist system held at wealth was fixed and that nation could only prosper through a strong government regulation of an economy through trade restrictions and tariffs)

131
Q

Chronological order of American civilizations

A

Olmec, Mayan, Tolec, Aztec

132
Q

Italian city-state related to the Medici family

A

The Renaissance began in Florence which the Medici family became very wealthy and powerful. Renowned artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo prospered under Lorenzo de Medici patronage

133
Q

Southern part of the coastal region group of California native Americans

A

The Chumash and Gabrielino

134
Q

Bicameral legislature

A

Between the House and the Senate

the Constitution provided for this

135
Q

1773

A

Colonists stage the Boston tea party

136
Q

The Hellenistic Age characteristics

A

The fusion of Greek and eastern cultures.

An increase in international trade and commerce

The end to the Greek city-state system as a major political entity

137
Q

The northern group of California native Americans

A

Included the Yurok and the Hoopa

138
Q

What religion where the French and Spanish colonist?

A

Primarily Catholic

139
Q

What religion the English colonist were primarily

A

Protestant

140
Q

The central group of California native Americans

A

Included the Maidu and the Miwok

141
Q

Greek civilization was dominated by

A

Athens and Sparta

142
Q

The majority of native Californians lived in or near the… (tribes)

A

Central valley and western slopes of sierra Nevada

143
Q

Sparta was unique in establishing

A

As state-based almost entirely on military preparedness.

It was believe that only through a strong military with the Spartan way of life survive

144
Q

Best example of federalism as practiced in the early republic

A

Local governments are sovereign in matters of local concern

145
Q

What spread Lutheranism by simplifying the translation of the Bible from Latin to German?

A

The printing press, which was invented in the 15th century lead to a major changes in the economic political and social development of European countries. The ability to spread information quickly allowed Martin Luther to print the Bible and vernacular German

146
Q

Primary factor in how England different from both the French and the Spanish colonies in the New World

A

The English migrated to the new world primarily at settlers and generally establish self-governing colonies

147
Q

Economic system would be best facilitate that series of social Darwinism

A

Capitalism.

Only the “fittest” members of society would survive

148
Q

During industrialization majority of textile workers

A

Were children

149
Q

By the early 1960s California surpassed

A

New York as the most populous state

150
Q

Best describes one major cause of the decline of the Roman empire

A

Political instability and use of mercenary armies undermined the security of the empire

151
Q

The Dred Scott Decision

A

Before the 14th amendment the Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott (a slave) was not a citizen of the United States and therefore had no legal right to sue for his freedom. 1857

152
Q

The Great Migration

A

During World War II the population of California increased dramatically in search of jobs

153
Q

The Electoral college is based on -

A

State representation house and Senate and Congress. The 12th amendment included the provisions of the house of representatives elected the president of a candidate does not receive an absolute majority of the electoral vote

154
Q

Fundamental concepts of the Magna Carta in American law

A

The importance of written constitution

The right to due process of law

The protection against excessive bail

155
Q

Battle of Antietam

A

In 1862 Union victory. Was crucial crucial to the morale of the North leads to Lincoln announcing the Emancipation Proclamation

156
Q

Ziggurat

A

A monumental religious temple built from hundreds of thousands of sun-dried bricks and stone. The word ziggurat means “mountain of God”

157
Q

Mark Hopkins

A

Financier and coordinator of the project.

One of the Big Four who built the Transcontinental Railroad

158
Q

Natural barriers of Egypt

A

Sahara desert, the Sinai peninsula, the Mediterranean and Red seas

159
Q

The wealth of Nations

A

Book published by Adam Smith led to the concept of a free market economy without restrictive government regulation. Smith is generally considered the “father of capitalism”

160
Q

Roman territory is central to the importation of grains

A

Egypt

161
Q

Best illustrates the influence of ancient Rome on the later development of European civilization

A

The legal code of France

162
Q

Johannes Gutenberg

A

Credited with inventing the first printing press in 1451. The printing press had a profound and immediate impact on the political and social structure of Europe

163
Q

The principal objective of Russia’s desire to expand and the direction of the Ottoman Empire was

A

To gain permanent access to the Mediterranean sea

164
Q

Legislative branch of government

A

Congress. Responsible for making laws

165
Q

Ottoman empire

A

Was centered in Turkey whose borders include the Black Sea to the north and the Mediterranean sea to the south

166
Q

Direct democracy was established in

A

Athens circa 507 BC

167
Q

A direct result of the contested presidential election of 1876

A

Federal troops were withdrawn from the South ending Reconstruction

168
Q

Spain England and France

A

The most significant European powers to colonize the New World

169
Q

Industrialization after civil war

A

There was a rapid expansion of textile, steel, meat packing and other types of factories

170
Q

The government established by the articles of the confederation was designed primarily to

A

Protect the jurisdiction of the states

171
Q

Social impact on California from the transcontinental railroad

A

Tremendous population growth in Southern California. The Southern Pacific Railroad became the largest land holder in the state.

172
Q

Muslim contributions to mathematics

A

Algebra, algorithms, Arabic numerals, decimal point

173
Q

The 15th amendment

A

Guaranteed voting rights to African-American men passed by the radical Republicans in 1869

174
Q

1774

A

The First Continental Congress meets to consider action against the British

175
Q

The Assyrian Empire

A

Originated in the Hyland region of the upper Tigris river but grew to encompass the entire area of the Fertile Crescent. The Assyrians were a warrior nation who terrorized conquered people

176
Q

Los Angeles Department of water and power address the immediate need for increasing water resources for Los Angeles by

A

Passing a bond measure to finance the diversion of water from streams feeding mono lake to the existing Los Angeles aqueduct

177
Q

Magna Carta

A

Was signed in A.D. 1215 when a group of English Nobles forced King John to accept in writing limitations on the power of the king and limited central power, insured legal procedures, and became the source for English law and liberty

178
Q

Spain’s colonial power region

A

Southwest of North America and Florida

179
Q

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

1848 ended the Mexican war. handed over all lands between Texas and the Pacific to the United States including California

180
Q

Charles Crocker

A

Director of the railroad

One of the Big Four who built the Transcontinental Railroad

181
Q

The Hellenistic Age

A

began with the death of Alexander the Great. (323 BC - 30 BC) Was a time for great economic growth and expansion

182
Q

Crucial factor that led to the American Revolution

A

England’s aggressive taxation of the colonies to pay for the French and Indian war

183
Q

Californians joined the arm forces during World War II

A

Approximately 750,000

184
Q

Isaac Newton

A

Was the most influential scientist of the enlightenment and is credited with discovering the theory of gravity as well as the Three Laws of Motion. He philosophized about the “natural order” of the universe and the laws of nature maintained order

185
Q

The samurai tradition of feudal Japan most closely resembled what feature of medieval Europe

A

The code of chivalry of European knights

186
Q

Free trade

A

All products (foreign and domestic) can be traded without government regulations that restrict the free flow of goods

187
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Was tried by the Inquisition in the 17th century for supporting heliocentric (sun centered) theory of the solar system

188
Q

The Los Angeles aqueduct

A

Completed in 1913 brought water from the Owens River Valley to Los Angeles. Was an engineering marvel that brought Eastern Sierra Nevada water 233 miles south from the Owens Valley through mountains and deserts to reservoirs in the San Fernando Valley

189
Q

Israelites

A

Established first lasting monotheism (under King Croesus) golden king

190
Q

According to most historians the first non-native people to explore the North American mainland were

A

The Vikings led by Leif Erickson

191
Q

The birth of civilization is generally attributed to

A

A transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture in early Mesopotamia

192
Q

The California industry that was most damage by spending cutbacks in the 1970s

A

Aerospace

193
Q

The robber barons during the industrialization after the Civil War

A

John D Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, JP Morgan

The four are considered the titans of industry, they amassed great wealth during the industrialization.

194
Q

Industrialization post Civil War - (effect on middle class workers)

A

Raised the average worker’s income by 50% between 1865 and 1900

195
Q

Oil (petroleum)

A

Discovered in Pennsylvania in 1859.

Numerous products are made from petroleum and use gas/oil for manufacturing

196
Q

Early political leader of the Democratic-Republicans believed in a strict constitution
Pro France

A

Thomas Jefferson

197
Q

Early political Federalist believed in the concept of a strong central government ruled by manufacturing interests of the country

A

Alexander Hamilton

198
Q

Early political party

Favored the rich and the wealthy

A

Federalist party

199
Q

Early political party

developed a political philosophy that believed in the worth of the individual

A

The anti-federalists

Thomas Jefferson