History Flashcards
Aggricultural revolution
1700
Results of enclosures
Large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or to give up farming and move to the cities
Result of agricultural revolution
New farming techniques and improved livestock breeding led to amplified food production. This allowed a spike in population and increased health
Crop rotation
The system varying successive crops in a definite order on the same ground, especially to avoid depleting the soil into control weeds, diseases, and pest.
Jethro Tull
Seed drill
Robert Bakewell
Sheep Eugenics
England
1800
Industrialization
Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production, and craftsman are replaced by assembly lines.
Factors of production
An economic term that describes the inputs that are used in the production of goods or services in order to make an economic profit the factors of production include land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship
Textile industry
Primarily concerned with the design and production of yarn, cloth, clothing, and their distribution
Entrepreneur
A person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so
James Watt
Steam engine
Eli Whitney
Cotton grin
John McAdam
Turnpikes
Robert Fulton
Steamboat
Rocket
Liverpool-Manchester railway
Effects of railroads
More efficient transportation
Reasons for urbanization
Went to cities for jobs
Largest city
London
Factory systems
System of manufacturing that began in the 18th century with the development of the power loom and the steam engine which is based on concentration of industry into large establishments
Middle class
The social group between the upper and working classes, including professional and business workers and their families
Samuel slater
An early English-American industrialist known as the “father of the American industrial revolution” and the “Father of the American factory system”
Lowell, MA
Single woman workers
Corporations
A company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity and recognized as such in law
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force
Laissez faire economics
A theory was that the less the government is involved in free-market capitalism, the better off business will be, and then by extension society as a whole
Adam smith
Wealth of nations
Capitalism
No regulation
Economists
An expert in economics
Socialism
Gov’t regulation
Communism
A political theory derived from Carl Max, advocating class war in leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs
Communist manifesto
In 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Regarded as the founders of the Marxist
Unions
Strike
Collective bargaining
Negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees
William Wilberforce
English politician, philanthropist and a leader of the movement to eradicate the slave trade
Jane Addams
Pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, exotic dancer, author, and leader in womans suffrage and world peace
Alexis Tocqueville
A French diplomat, political scientist, and historian
Queen Victoria
Victoria was queen of the United Kingdom and Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 until her death
Suffrage
The right to vote in political elections
Insurance
A practice or arrangement by which a company or government agency provides a guarantee of compensation for a specified loss, damage, illness or death in return for payment of a premium
Pensions
A regular payment made during a person’s retirement from an investment fund to which that person or their employer has contributed during their working life
Thomas Edison
Light bulb
Alexander bell
Telephone
Marconi
Telegraph
Henry ford
Model T
Wright brothers
Airplanes