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Scientific Revolution And Enlightment > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific revolution

A

Historical changes in thought and belief

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2
Q

Heliocentric theory

A

The theory that the earth revolves around the sun

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3
Q

Geocentric theory

A

The theory that the earth is in the middle of the universe

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4
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Italian astronomer

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5
Q

Ivan the terrible

A

Grand prince of Moscow

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6
Q

Peter the great

A

Ruled the Russian empire

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7
Q

Westernization

A

Adopt a western culture

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8
Q

Absolute monarchy

A

A king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society

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9
Q

Divine right

A

The idea that monarchs are gods representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to god

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10
Q

Louis XIV

A

Monarch of France from 1643-1715

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11
Q

Sun king

A

Monarch of France from 1643-1715

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12
Q

“I am the state”

A

What king Louis XIV said

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13
Q

Intendants

A

A French government official appointed by the monarch to collect taxes and administer justice

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14
Q

Palace of Versailles

A

A large royal residence built by king Louis XIV

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15
Q

Enlightenment

A

An 18th century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society

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16
Q

Philosophe

A

One group of social thinkers in France during the enlightenment

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17
Q

Locke

A

English philosopher and physician. Also one of the most influential thinkers of Enlightenment

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18
Q

Voltaire

A

Enlightenment writer, philosopher and historian

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19
Q

Rousseau

A

Philosopher, composer, and writer

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20
Q

Hobbes

A

English philosopher

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21
Q

Montesquieu

A

French lawyer and political philosopher

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22
Q

Wollstonecraft (woman)

A

English writer, philosopher and advocate of woman’s rights

23
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

Military and political leader

24
Q

Charles I

A

Monarch of England, Ireland and Scotland

25
Q

Restoration

A

The action of returning to a former owner, place or condition

26
Q

Glorious revolution

A

The overthrow of king James II

27
Q

William and Mary

A

Ruled jointly after the glorious revolution

28
Q

Constitutional monarchy

A

A monarchy in which the rulers power is limited by law

29
Q

Declaration of independence

A

Statement of reasons for the American colonies break with Britain approved by the second Continental Congress in 1776

30
Q

Three branches of government

A

Legislative, executive, and judicial - this provided a built-in system of checks and balances with each branch checking the actions of the other two.

31
Q

Separation of powers

A

The division of power among the three different branches (Montesquieu’a idea)

32
Q

Estates system

A

The three social classes in France before the French revolution the first estate consisted of the clergy the second estate of the nobility in the third estate of the rest of the population

33
Q

Privileges

A

The second estate made up of rich nobles and only 2% of the population had privileges the first state made up of clergy and less than 1% of the population also had privileges

34
Q

Third estate 98%

A

Everyone else who wasn’t clergy or Nobles made up the third estate which was 98% of the population the most important group within this group were the bourgeoisie

35
Q

Tax reform

A

King Louis was going to raise taxes and the first and second Estates did not like that so they called a meeting of all three states to the estates General where usually Estate one and two would outvote the 3rd estate

36
Q

Percentage of taxes paid

A

The first estate owned 10% of the land in France and paid very little taxes. the second estate was made up of rich nobles. they owned 20% of the land and paid almost no taxes. The third estate paid high taxes.

37
Q

Tennis court oath

A

Pledge that members of the national assembly will not stop meeting until a new constitution that benefits the third estate takes place. This was the first revolutionary act.

38
Q

Marie Antoinnette

A

Wife of King Louis the 16th. Was very unpopular. As queen she spent much money on gowns, jewels and gifts and became known as madame deficit.

39
Q

Estates general

A

Meeting of all three states to discuss tax reform

40
Q

Liberty, equality, fraternity

A

The slogan for the declaration of rights of man and citizen

41
Q

Declaration of the rights of man and citizen

A

What the national assembly adopted. A statement of revolutionary ideals that was the same principles as the Declaration of Independence. The slogan was liberty, equality and fraternity.

42
Q

US Constitution

A

Outlines the frameworks of the US government

43
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Author of the declaration of independence

44
Q

John Locke

A

Argued that people were basically reasonable and moral and had natural rights which were life liberty property and the pursuit of happiness

45
Q

Bill of rights

A

Included in the US Constitution that gives Americans basic freedoms

46
Q

Old regime

A

System of feudalism that remained following the middle ages made up of three estates

47
Q

King Louis the 16th

A

A weak leader who was indecisive and spent too much money and not enough time was paid to serious matters of his governments

48
Q

Committee of Public Safety

A

A committee established during the French Revolution to identify enemies of the republic

49
Q

Voting rights

A

Adult male citizens for granted the right to vote and hold office

50
Q

Guillotine

A

A machine for beheading people used as a means of execution during the French Revolution king Louis the 16th was sentenced to death by guillotine

51
Q

Bastille fortress

A

A Paris prison and angry crowd overwhelmed the king soldiers. the bastille fell into the control of the citizens the fall of the bastille became a great symbolic act of the revolution to the French people

52
Q

Maximilian Robespierre

A

He was the leader of the committee of Public Safety. His rule was called the reign of terror. You were killed if you spoke out against the revolution.

53
Q

Reign of Terror

A

The rule of Maximilian Robespierre. During this time you were killed if you spoke out against the revolution. There were many victims that were once friends of Robespierre. Many of those killed were peasants who should’ve been protected.

54
Q

Palace of Versailles

A

The luxurious palace where King Louis the 16th lived with Marie Antoinnette. It was extremely extravagant.

Scientific Revolution And Enlightment (1 decks)

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