History

Question 1

Principles of liberalism and conservatism

Answer 1

Liberals- supported change.
Believe in: 
- individual freedom
- political change/ social reform 
- freedom of speech 
- press and religion 
- governments should be reformed so that educated, responsible citizens can participate. 
-republicans 
Conservatives:
- avoid change 
Believe in:
- traditional social and political order
- hierarchy ( monarchy) 
- respect for tradition 
- supported philosophies of Edmund Burke 
- condemned the French Rev and it's goals or reforming political/ social structure.
- most talents should run gov't.
- monarchists

Question 2

How did these ideas play a factor in congress of vienna? (Lib, con.)

Answer 2

• when leaders met in Vienna, they wanted to turn back the clock to 1789 and re-establish a monarchy.
• rejected ideas from republicans (liberals now)
• wanted to restore balance of power to upper class and the wealthy

Question 3

How did Napoleonic Era shape the meeting?

Answer 3

All member of the meeting were afraid of a strong France, therefore creating strong border states.
Families received lost thrones that were lost when Napoleon conquered Europe.

Question 4

Legitimacy

Answer 4

Restoring to power the royal families that had lost their thrones.

Question 5

Status quo

Answer 5

Existing state of affairs.

(At the time) his policies were knowim as the Metternich system.

Question 6

Role of Metternich

Answer 6

Metternich presided over the congress, guided by the two principles: legitimacy and balance of power. His main goal was to defend the work of the Congress. He opposed both liberalism and nationalism, working hard to defend status quo.

Question 7

Congress of Europe

Answer 7

To protect the peace settlement reached at Vienna, Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia formed the quadruple alliance. After formed quintuple alliance (France). Forming alliances and laws to better help Europe.

Question 8

How did these ideas play a factor in congress of vienna? (Lib, con.)

Answer 8

• when leaders met in Vienna, they wanted to turn back the clock to 1789 and re-establish a monarchy.
• rejected ideas from republicans (liberals now)
• wanted to restore balance of power to upper class and the wealthy

Question 9

How did Napoleonic Era shape the meeting?

Answer 9

All members of the meeting were afraid of a strong France, therefore creating strong border states around France..Families received lost thrones that were taken when Napoleon conquered Europe.

Question 10

Legitimacy

Answer 10

Restoring to power the royal families that had lost their thrones.

Question 11

Status quo

Answer 11

Existing state of affairs.

(At the time) his policies were knowim as the Metternich system.

Question 12

Role of Metternich

Answer 12

Metternich presided over the congress, guided by the two principles: legitimacy and balance of power. His main goal was to defend the work of the Congress. He opposed both liberalism and nationalism, working hard to defend status quo.

Question 13

Congress of Europe

Answer 13

To protect the peace settlement reached at Vienna, Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia formed the quadruple alliance. After formed quintuple alliance (France). Forming alliances and laws to better help Europe.
Maintain the peace in Europe.

Question 14

Result of the Congress of Vienna

Answer 14

French returned territories gained by Napoleon from 1795- 1810. Russia extended its powers and received souveranity over Poland and Finland. Austria extended territory. Britain was rewarded for its efforts against Napoleon.

Question 15

What nations attended the congress of Vienna?

Answer 15

1) Czar Alexander l of Russia
2) Prince Metternich, Austrian Foreign minister
3) King Frederick William III of Prussia
4) Lord Castlereagh, Tge British Foreign Minister
5) French Delegate: C.M Tallerand

Question 16

What were their objectives?

Answer 16

Austria: maintain weak multi-ethnic empire by creating equilibrium in Europe
England: maintain balance of power so no country could gain hegemony and threaten the island
Germany: regain lost land and gain territory in northern Germany
Russia: expand territory and again
influence Europe, in particular Poland.
France: avoid punishment and major territorial loss.

Question 17

Impact of nationalism and development of national boundaries

Answer 17

During the 1800’s, nationalism spread in a way that took pride in a common cultural heritage regardless of political boundaries. Often there were nationalist leaders who wanted to free their countries from foreign control. Thought the delegates of the congress generally ignored the feelings of nationalism when regarding the European boundaries. The congress was fixing what Napoleon had done with a “one sided” approach.

Question 18

Why was it problematic? (National boundaries)

Answer 18

Nationalism can unite people behind a common cause. Many liberals wanted spoke towards the nationalism of all of Europe, but the congress was more interested in breaking it up into its given boundaries. Causing revolt among nationalists, and those who agreed with the conservative side say it as threatening towards the traditional political order.

Question 19

Post congress alliance system.

Answer 19

To protect the peace settlement reached at Vienna, the following nations developed the “Quadruple Alliance” :
- Britain
- Russia
- Austria
- Prussia
And France later joined to create the Quintuple Alliance.
The alliance was formed to hold periodic peace meetings to deal with any threat to peace and stability in Europe.
Later, czar Alexander of Russia had the vision of a Holy Alliance, that would be governed by Christian principles. Many thought it was outrageous, though many counties signed the Holy Alliance in Europe.

Question 20

What is meant by the Congress system?

Answer 20

Each issue of national or international concern would be submitted to a group of nations for discussion as opposed to unilateral and independent decision-making.

Question 21

July Ordinances

Answer 21

Laws dissolved by Charles, Louis 18th brother, ending freedom of press and put new restrictions on the right to vote.

Question 22

Second Republic

Answer 22

Period after Louis Phillipe, the revolutionaries set up a provisional, or temporary government. Included Louis Blanc. In response to socialist demands, the government created national workshops that would provide jobs for the unemployed.

Question 23

Louis Blanc

Answer 23

Reformer, believed in socialism (collectivism)

Socialist leader

Question 24

Louis Napoleon

Answer 24

Voters chose Louis Napoleon, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte to be president of the Second republic. Many associated Louis with his name. He tried to please everyone offering jobs to many, defended property rights, encouraged trade and supported the church.

Question 25

July Revolution

Answer 25

Louis XVIII sought a compromise between conservatives and liberals. He realized he would have to share power with the people. He accepted the constitution of 1814 which provides for an elected legislature and guaranteed individual rights. Many did not agree because it’s only allowed the wealthiest to vote.

Question 26

Charles X

Answer 26

Extreme conservative, Charles set about increasing Royal power. He wanted France to return to a monarchy, banned freedom of press and restricted voting rights. Took throne after Louis Napoleon died.