History Flashcards
abolished slavery in what year
1888
Who led the revolution of 1930
Getúlio Vargas
Estado Novo
(1937–1945) began when, in order to perpetuate his rule, Vargas imposed a new, authoritarian Constitution in a coup d’état, and shut down Congress, assuming dictatorial powers.
Getúlio Vargas
Overthrew the government in 1930. Was overthrown again in 1945. Noted for government brutality and censorship of the press. Returned to politics in 1951 and was re-elected President of the Republic. Committed suicide in 1954.
Why and when did Brazil become the seat of the Portuguese empire?
In 1808, when the Portuguese Prince regent, later King Dom João VI, fled from Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal and established himself and his government in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro.
How/when did Brazil gain independence?
João VI returned to Portugal, leaving his eldest son and heir, Pedro, to rule the Kingdom of Brazil as regent. 1822, Pedro declared the independence of Brazil and, after waging a short war against his father’s kingdom, was acclaimed as Pedro I, the first Emperor of Brazil in 1822.
Why did Dom Pedro I leave Brazil? Who took his place?
In 1826 he became the king of Portugal; he immediately abdicated in favor of his eldest daughter. Two years later, her throne was usurped by Pedro I’s younger brother. Unable to deal with both Brazilian and Portuguese affairs, Pedro I abdicated in 1831 and immediately departed for Europe to restore his daughter to her throne. Pedro I’s successor was his five-year-old son, Pedro II. A weak regency was created.
1964 Coup
João Goulart was deposed in April 1964 by a coup that resulted in a military regime. US was probably involved. The new regime was intended to be transitory but it gradually closed in on itself and became a full dictatorship. It was highly oppressive but popular because of economic success.
How did Brazil begin returning to democracy after the military government of the 60s and 70s?
With the enactment of the Amnesty Law in 1979, Brazil began its slow return to democracy. Civilians returned to power in 1985 when José Sarney assumed the presidency.
Amnesty Law of 1979
This law allowed exiled activists to return, but was also used to shield human rights violators from prosecution. Perpetrators of human rights abuses during Brazil’s 1964 to 1985 military dictatorship have yet to face criminal justice.
José Sarney
Assumed the presidency in 1985 through electoral college, and became unpopular during his tenure due to his failure in controlling the economic crisis and hyperinflation inherited from the military regime.
Fernando Collor
Collor was the first President directly elected by the people after the end of the Brazilian military government. Took office in 1990. Charged with corruption, he resigned in 1992. Impeachment still went through and he was found guilty.
