Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Midterms > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

Who came up with the heliocentric view

A

Copernicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Johannes Kepler do

A

He discovered that planets make elliptical orbits around the sun rather than in circular motions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who’s observations and laws of motion supported the heliocentric. His ideas conflicted with the bible leading to his arrest.

A

Galileo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the scientific method

A

A logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did Francis bacon do

A

He invented the experimental method.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Rene Descartes do

A

He relied on mathematics and logic and believed everything should be doubted until proven by reason.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did Issac Newtons ideas explain

A

That the same laws that govern the earth, govern the universe. Every object attracts every other object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Leeuwenhoek do

A

He used a microscope to observe organisms and show that they did not come to life spontaneously. He created more than 200 microscopes and was the first to see red blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Torricelli do

A

He developed the first Mercury barometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did Gabriel Fahrenheit do

A

Develop the first Mercury thermometer using 32 as the freezing point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did anders Celsius do

A

Used another scale to measure temperature and used 0 as the freezing point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did Vesalius do

A

He dissected human corpses to learn about the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did Edward Jenner do

A

He created a vaccine for smallpox by using germs from cows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Enlightenment

A

Stressed reason and thought and power of individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Thomas Hobbes believe

A

That people need a strong government to keep order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the social contract

A

Written by Thomas Hobbes, says people had to give up their rights in exchange for order and protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What did John Locke believe

A

That people have the natural ability to govern themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is natural rights

A

Written by John Locke about life liberty and property. People can overthrow the government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do the philosophers do

A

Advocate reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 5 important philosophical concepts

A

Reason, nature, happiness, progress, and liberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did Voltaire do

A

Fought intolerance through his writings. He criticized the clergy, government, and the aristocracy of bigotry and prejudice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did Montesquieu believe

A

A governments power should be divided into different branches (separation of power)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What did Rousseau believe

A

Governments should be formed through the agreement of free individuals (direct democracy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What did baccaira believe

A

Thought laws existed to preserve social order, torture should be abolished, people should receive fair punishments and trial, have speedy trials, and there should be no Capitol punishment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What did Mary Wollstonecraft do

A

Argued for more education for women, woman’s equality in marriage, and for woman’s right to participate in politics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Salons

A

Social gatherings in which wealthy women spread enlightenment ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What did Diderot do

A

He created an encyclopedia containing current ideas about science, art, and government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Who were the three enlightened despots

A

Frederick II of Prussia, Joseph II, and Catherine the great

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What did Frederick II of Prussia do

A

Abolished torture, claimed he was a servant of the state, greatly improved education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What did Joseph II of Austria do

A

He was the most radical, he gave freedom of worship and press, abolished serfdom, but everything was reverted back after he was assassinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What did Catherine the great do

A

She married czar Peter, in outages religious toleration, wanted no torture, corresponded with Voltaire, gave power to nobles crushing a serf revolt, and vastly increased the Russian empire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Navigation acts

A

Colonists could only sell to or buy from England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why were the Americans victorious

A

They were motivated to fight, British generals were overconfident, the war was costly for the British, Americans received support from Louis XVI, and they had home-field advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Why did the new American government fail

A

They created a weak central government and the articles of confederation had only a congress and no executive or judicial branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What were some solutions to Americas weak government

A

They created the federal system and checks and balances and they created the bill of rights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the three estates

A

The first estate is the clergy, the second estate is the nobles and the third estate consists of the bourgeoisie, workers, and peasants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the causes of the French Revolution

A

Financial difficulties, weak absolute monarchy, social structure, and enlightenment ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why was the estates general meeting called

A

Louis tried to tax the second estate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Why was the National Assembly created

A

The third estate demand more rights at the estates general meeting and they vote to create the National Assembly to pass laws and reforms for the French people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the tennis court oath

A

The third estates pledge to stay until they drew up a new constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the storming of the Bastille

A

French citizens mistakenly think Louis planned to use foreign troops to massacre them to they storm a pros prison to take weapons and kill a few people

42
Q

What is the great fear

A

A senseless panic that leads to the destruction in the French countryside by peasants against nobles

43
Q

What is the declaration of the rights of man

A

Written by the National Assembly, includes ideas from the Declaration of Independence and guarantees rights such as liberty, equality, and fraternity. Also includes freedom of speech, property, and rights to security

44
Q

What does the legislative assembly do

A

Creates laws and approves or rejects wars

45
Q

What are émigrés

A

Nobles who had fled France during peasant uprisings and wanted the old regime back

46
Q

What are Sans culottes

A

Workers who wanted a greater say in government and an end to food shortages

47
Q

Why did the legislative assembly declare war against Austria

A

Austria proposed France put Louis back on the throne

48
Q

What was the September massacre

A

Paris citizens raid prisons and murder over 1000 prisoners

49
Q

What was the outcome of France declaring itself a republic

A

They set aside the 1791 constitution, deposed the king, dissolved their assembly, and created the national convention

50
Q

What were jacobins

A

The most radical group, put Louis on trial and found him guilty for treason

51
Q

Who was Maximilian Robespierre

A

Rose to power after king Louis and tried to wipe out all traces of the monarchy and nobility.

52
Q

What was the committee of public safety

A

A committee made and led by Robespierre

53
Q

What was the reign of terror

A

Time in which Robespierre rules as dictator and possibly 40000 people were put to the guillotine

54
Q

What is the directory

A

Executive body of 5 people

55
Q

Who is Napoleon Bonaparte

A

The new general to command French armies

56
Q

What is a coup de’tat

A

A sudden seizure of power

57
Q

What were napoleons accomplishments in France

A

He set up public schools, set up an agreement with the church, and set up a system of laws Valle dye napoleonic code

58
Q

What were the two results of the battle of trafalgar

A

It insured the supremacy of the British navy and it forced Napoleon to give up his plans to invade Britain

59
Q

What were napoleons main mistakes

A

The continental system, the peninsula war, and the invasion of Russia.

60
Q

What was the continental system

A

A blockade meant to prevent all trade and communication between Great Britain and other European nations

61
Q

What was the peninsula war

A

Portugal ignored the continental system so Napoleon sends French troops to Portugal through Spain

62
Q

What happened in the battle of borodino

A

The Russians fell back letting Napoleon move onto Moscow but instead of letting him take over, Alexander czar burned the city

63
Q

The reaction in Europe to the invasion of Russia

A

All the main powers declared war on France

64
Q

What happens at the battle of Leipzig

A

Inexperienced French troops lose to Alexander I and other European allies allowing them to take Paris and the French surrender

65
Q

What is the result of the battle of Leipzig

A

Napoleon was captured and sent into exile on the island of Elba and king Louis brother Louis XVIII is put on the throne

66
Q

What were the hundred days

A

Louis XVIII takes over the throne but is unpopular with the people. Napoleon escapes and comes back to France making the French happy and the Europeans quickly Marshal their armies

67
Q

What happened at the battle of Waterloo

A

The British and Prussian forces defeated napoleons troops which ended napoleons last bid for power

68
Q

What is St Helena

A

The second place Napoleon is exhaled to after the battle of Waterloo

69
Q

What did the congress of Vienna do

A

Set up to achieve security and stability for the entire continents

70
Q

Who was klemens Von Metternich

A

The most influential of the representatives of the 5 great powers and the foreign of Austria

71
Q

What were the 3 goals of Metternich at the congress of Vienna

A

The containment of France, a balance of powers, and legitimacy(rulers restored to power)

72
Q

What were the social classes in Latin America

A
  1. Penisulares-Europeans
  2. Creoles-European children born in Latin America
  3. Mestizos-European Native American mix
  4. Mullato-slave/European mix
  5. Slaves
  6. Native Americans
73
Q

How did Haiti free itself from European rule

A

Enslaved Africans rose up and revolted with toussaint L’ouverture leading them. He took control of the island and freed all the slaves.

74
Q

Who was Jean-Jacques dessalines

A

He took over for L’ouveture when he was put in prison

75
Q

Who was Simon bolivar

A

A creole who was called the liberator and the grapefruit Washington of South America. He helped South America gain independence from Spain and his military campaign won independence for Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia

76
Q

Who was Jose de San Martin

A

He was a creole that lead an army across the Andes mountains into chile to help that country gain independence. He joined with bolivar to drive the Spanish from Peru.

77
Q

What is nationalism

A

Loyalty to your nation, country, or culture

78
Q

Who was king victor Emmanuel

A

Leader of Piedmont Sardinia

79
Q

Who was Cavour

A

Prime minister of Piedmont

80
Q

Who was garibaldi

A

Leader of army known as red shirts. He crossed into the mainland, marched north and eventually agreed to unite with Piedmont Sardinia

81
Q

Who was king Wilhelm

A

Prussian leader that recruited Junkers or wealthy land owners for support

82
Q

Who was Otto Von Bismarck

A

Prime minister of Germany who developed realpolitiks and bypassed parliament authority

83
Q

What did victor Hugo write

A

Les Mis and the hunchback of notre daum

84
Q

What did Mary Shelley write

A

Frankenstein

85
Q

What is realism

A

Showed life as it really was

86
Q

What did Charles dickens write

A

He wrote scenes of London’s working poor suck as Oliver Twist and a Christmas carol

87
Q

Why did the agricultural revolution begin in Britain

A

Large population, extensive resources, and expanding economy

88
Q

What did Eli Whitney do

A

He invented the cotton gin

89
Q

What did Robert Fulton do

A

Made the steamboat, the clermont

90
Q

What was the impact of railroads

A

Spurred industrial growth, created new jobs, boosted agricultural and fishing industries

91
Q

Who was Samuel slater

A

Brought British blueprints to America

92
Q

What did Francis’s Lowell do

A

Mechanized every stage in the manufacturing of cloth

93
Q

What was the impact of industrialization

A

Global inequality, imperialism, transformation of society

94
Q

What did Adam smith write

A

The wealth of nations

95
Q

What did Karl Marx write

A

The communist manifesto

96
Q

What did Jeremy Bentham believe

A

People should judge stuff on the basis of their usefulness

97
Q

What did Horace man want

A

Free public education for all children

98
Q

What did William wilberforce do

A

Fought to abolish slavery and slave trade in the British West Indies

99
Q

What did Jane Addams do

A

Worked in aiding the inner city poor

100
Q

Who came up with a geocentric view

A

Aristotle came up with it while Ptolemy expanded view

Midterms (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions