History Flashcards
Greek Mythology
Hera set madness on Hercules & Zeus and took Armageddon’s wit.
Hippocrates 400 BC
First medical model of madness.
Physical and natural causes.
Galen 130-200 AD
Imbalance of the humors.
Phlegm (unemotional)
Blood (cheerful - mania)
Yellow Bile (fiery)
Black Bile (sadness)
Medieval Times
Church in charge - witchcraft and demonology Tourette's and epilepsy = demonology Upper class differentiated disorders more.
13th - 15th Century
Epilepsy distinguished from demonic possession.
St Hildegard of Bingen - physiological causes interact with demonic.
Elizabethan Times
Demomology explanation rare.
Freedom to mentally ill unless danger to others.
18th - 20th Century
More patients in asylums.
Treatment focused on balancing humors.
1880s onwards - push for new treatments and causes.
Emil Kraeplin (1856-1926)
Biological and genetic factors (medical model).
Dementia Praecox.
Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893)
1st to describe MS.
Hypnotism alleviated MH symptoms.
Trained Freud.
Pierre Janet (1859-1947)
Disorders caused by past events.
Willowbrook State School (1947-1983)
NY - institution for intellectually disabled children.
Appalling conditions ‘snake pit’ forced closure.
Mental Health Reformers
Dorothea Dix (1840s) - complained about conditions for the insane.
Beer (1907) - failed suicide attempt, helped improved conditions.
Modern Times
Forced sterilisation until 1940.
1930s - new treatments e.g. lobotomies & shock therapy.
1951 - first psychotropic drug (more community care).
1953 - APA first ethical guidelines.
George Kelly (1905-1967)
Cognitive psychologist.
Faulty constructs about social experiences cause disordered behaviour.
Behaviour determined by personal construct.
Mary Cover Jones (1897-1987)
Behavioural therapy.
Social imitation and direct conditioning to reduce fear.
