History Flashcards

1
Q

Loblolly boys

A

Est 1799 in the Navy
John Wall- 1st US loblolly boy on record1
Developed after Congress required all ships have area for sick/injured
Duties
Assist surgeon
Sweeping/washing/cleaning guns/make pills and plaster, delivering food, etc

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2
Q

Surgeon’s Steward

A

Loblolly boys name change
Trained in basic medicine
Could provide more support to the surgeon

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3
Q

Feldshers

A

German military assistants to the barber-surgeons
1-3 years of medical education
Length of training will depend on specialty
Tuition is free
Living expenses are provided
Guaranteed position after training completed
Top 10% encouraged to attend medical school
Becoming obsolete
Still seen in ED and urban areas

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4
Q

Barefoot Doctors

A

1965- China
“Village aides”
Training is very basic

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5
Q

Frontier Nursing Service

A

Est 1925- Mary Breckinridge
Maternal and child health care rural Kentucky
Used nurse midwives from Great Britain
1939- Frontier Graduate School of Midwifery
1st Midwifery program and continues to operate
Late 1960s- certificate for family nurse practitioners

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6
Q

Practicante

A

Puerto Rico

Diagnose, treat, suture, fracture reduction

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7
Q

Officier de Santé

A

France (1800s)
Health officers
Independent but limited scope of practice
Suture, minor surgical procedures, prescribe

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8
Q

Vivien Thomas

A
Surgical laboratory assistant
Trained by surgeon:  Dr. Alfred Blalock
Developed surgical techniques and equipment
Worked in cardio surgeries. 
Developed surg techniques and eqiptment
Look as a pioneer of the profession
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9
Q

Dr. Charles Hudson

A

1st physician to suggest non-physician support
Published article in JAMA
New Type of Health Care Provider
Modeled after the Army and Navy corpsman
2-3 yrs of college that paralleled medical school
Develop technical skills
Ohio Association of Physician Assistants
Award named after him
Given to “a person who has advanced the physician assistant concept in Ohio during the past year.”4

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10
Q

Dr. Eugene A. Stead, Jr

A

Founder of the PA Profession
Chair Department of Internal Medicine- Duke University
Developed curriculum for “Advanced Clinical Nursing” with Thelma Ingles, RN
Rejected twice by National League for Nursing for accreditation
Too much physician involvement
1964
Announced that he would create “a course of study for corpsmen to become physician’s assistants

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11
Q

Dr. Amos Johnson

A

Trained “Doctor’s Assistants” in his practice

Prototype for the PA program at Duke

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12
Q

Henry “Buddy” Treadwell

A

Trained to diagnose and treat by Dr. Amos Johnson

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13
Q

Wallace Report

A

Dr. Andrew Wallace: Committee chair- Duke Hospital
Trained personnel in and out of the hospital
2 types of providers
Highly skilled in specific and broad areas
Academic advancement and variation in careers
Define specific needs to resolve manpower problems

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14
Q

Dr. Herbert Saltzman

A

Got an National Institute of Health grant to fund program

Established foundation for first PA training programs

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15
Q

Oct 6, 1967

A

Dr. Steads 57th birthday, and
now national PA day
First graduating class

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16
Q

Dr. E. Harvey Estes, Jr1

A

Took over PA program at Dr. Stead’s retirement
Expanded the PA concept and educational programs across the country
PA Education Accreditation; Certification; CME
Drafted model state laws
Established AAPA with Duke grads

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17
Q

Dr. Richard Smith

A

Worked with non-physicians in Peace Corps in Nigeria and Indian Health Service
Started the MEDEX program at the University of Washington

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18
Q

MEDEX

A
Collaborative Model
Health professionals school
Local and national medical organizations
Rural and urban communities
Overworked physicians
On the job training in clincial year, hired on at clinicals in rural communities
Jointly sponsored
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19
Q

Dr. Henry Silver

A

First program to offer PAs a Masters Degree

ONLY PA program to focus on children

20
Q

Dr. John Webster Kirklin

A

First surgical assistant (SA) program University of Alabama

21
Q

Essentials for the Educational Training Programs of Surgeon’s Assistants

A

stated that Pas can be in surgery and belong there

Helps deliniate NPs in primary care

22
Q

Dr. Hu C. Myers

A

Develop training program was designed to recruit high school students native to the area
Alderson-Broaddus College
Offers 4 year Bachelors degree- Liberal Arts College
No previous health care experience needed
Final 2 yrs trained the art and science of medicine
Became model for smaller colleges

23
Q

Purser mate-training program

A

Started as 4 month training course in US Coast Guard during WWII
Moved to Public Health Hospital in New York
Expanded to 9 month program
1970- Title: Marine Physician Assistant

24
Q

Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP)

A

Formal 2-yr PA training model at US Medical Center
for Federal Prisoners
First federally sponsored program
No longer exists

25
Indian Health Service (IHS)
Opened 2 yr training program in New Mexico and Arizona Work in rural and frontier communities Federally Sponsored
26
Interservice Physician Assistant Program (IPAP)
Largest program in the world 250 students in each didactic and clinical years Master’s degree- University of Nebraska
27
Alaska Community Health Aides (CHAs)
Similar in concept to MEDEX Began in 1940s Response to tuberculosis epidemics Trained local residents to provider emergency and primary care Performed procedures using manuals and telephone/radio communication with physicians
28
Type A Physician Assistant
2 year programs Eventually became model for todays programs More autonomous provider Taking histories and performing physical exams Assist physician with performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures Practice under the general supervision of the physician Qualified to integrate and interpret clinical findings and make independent judgment Preferred by Primary Care Physicians
29
Type B Physician Assistant
``` Less training Less general knowledge and skills of entire range of medicine Technical skills in more specific area EMT tech-like. Procedural assisting Less qualified for independent action ```
30
Type C Physician Assistant
Perform limited number of medical tasks More direct physician supervision Similar to Type A PAs, but not as much independence Could perhaps take an H&P but then wouldn’t do procedures
31
The Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act | Called for support of PA programs
Most programs converted to primary care (Type B&C were eliminated) Only survivors- SA, CHA, and pathology assistants
32
William D. Stanhope, MS, PA
``` First president of AAPA First PA to be Program Director Developed 1st certifying exam Participated in the development of NCCPA Currently, Trustee of the Physician Assistant History Society4 ```
33
Dr. Alfred Sadler
Founder of the Yale Physician Associate Program 1st president of Association of Physician Assistant Programs (APAP) Developed accreditation standards with AMA Certification examination Co-founder- NCCPA
34
Dr. Thomas Piemme
Founder of George Washington University PA Program National Board of Medical Examiners- helped define education standards Goals and Priorities Committee Helped define professions’ education standards and practice qualifications Co-Founder NCCPA
35
Dr. John E. Ott
Started researching in the PA field | Conducted research studies on CHA performances
36
Denis Oliver
biochemist | Developed Annual Surveys of Physician Assistant Education
37
Dr. J. Rhodes Haverty
``` Founding member NCCPA Addressed recertification and specialty certification (1976)5- every 6 years JRC (now ARC-PA) Joint review commission. ```
38
NCCPA
issue the recertification exams
39
PANCE
PA National Certification Examination
40
PANRE
PA National Recertification Examination
41
nccPA Health Foundation
charitable nonprofit organization that designs solutions for improving the capacity of certified PAs to impact quality and accessibility of health care delivery Partnered with the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) (US Dept of Health and Human Services) Oral health initiative
42
ARC-PA
sets education program standards
43
PAEA
Physician Assistant Education Association education, research, advocacy, publications formally the APAP (association of physician assistant programs)
44
OAPA
``` ohio association of PA conferences- pharm conference every year, need 12 CMEs/year, meets that requirement advocacy-SB110 Networking, committees and task groups, EDUCATION, ADVOCACY, PROMOTE PA PRACTICE ```
45
SB110
Currently in the house for conference eliminates 60 minutes supervising physician law physicians can supervise up to 3 Pas Eliminates the "list" of what a PA can do, and now it is a scope of practice, up to the discretion of the supervising MD/DO changes certificate to practice and certificate to prescribe to a uniform License can delegate to MAs, RTs and RNs eliminates 6 mo provisional period for prescribing for moving states
46
Cuyahoga Community College
First PA school in ohio, 1974