History

Question 0

Nationalism

Answer 0

• true identity derived from a common language and culture
• Chopin and his Mazurkas and polonaises
• Wagner
• Clara Schumann and her songs such as “Vorwarts”

Question 1

Romanticism

Answer 1

• respected reason but did not believe it could solve all human problems
• valued individual
• valued subjective over universal
• valued emotional and spiritual over rational
• nature and glorified artist
• instrumental music dominates (abstract)

Question 2

Idealism

Answer 2

A system of thought based on the premise that objects in the physical (phenomenal) world are a reflection of ideas in the mind (Noumenal)

Question 3

Absolute Music

Answer 3

Music that wAs cut off from the larger world of words and ideas.

• prefix ab derives from the Latin for “separate”
• Eduard Hanslick believed this music stood above the rest because it transcended earthly life

Question 4

Programmatic Music

Answer 4

Music with a written highly specified story.

• proponents include Wagner who considered it too abstract to carry true meaning
• Liszt was also an advocate of this music

Question 5

Ludwig von Beethoven

Answer 5

• was said to have ended the genre of the symphony

- wrote nine symphonies; piano sonatas; piano concertos

Question 6

Scherzo

Answer 6

• Italian for “joke”
• became the standard for the third movement
• faster and longer than minuets

Question 7

Fugato

Answer 7

A passage that begins like a fugue but does not sustain itself after a series of initial entries.
- featured in Beethoven’s symphonies

Question 8

Heligenstadt Testament

Answer 8

Written suicide note by Beethoven

Question 9

Hector Berlioz

Answer 9

He was hailed as the only composer to follow Beethoven in the symphonic genre. Complimented for his originality. He became bold in his orchestration with his Symphonie Fantastique which is programmatic and autobiographical.

Question 10

Concert Overture

Answer 10

A single movement work that is in some way associated with a drama, poem, place, event, or mood.

• Felix Mendelssohn’s Overture to “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”
• Mozart’s opera overtures and Beethoven’s Leonore

Question 11

Felix Mendelssohn

Answer 11

Wrote his Overture to “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” when he was 17. Child prodigy. Born into a nonmusical family.

Question 12

Lieder

Answer 12

• German song
• due to the rise of German poetry; the growing availability of the piano; and the idealization of domesticity and the family
• can be strophic, modified strophic, of through composed
• Franz Schubert

Question 13

Franz Schubert

Answer 13

• German lieder and song cycles

- wrote “Erlkonig”

Question 14

Parlor Songs

Answer 14

• so called because they were typically performed in the parlor (living room)
• strophic and sentimental
• emphasis on naturalness and directness
• Stephen Foster’s Beautiful Dreamer

Question 15

Stephen Foster

Answer 15

• famous American composer
• songs usually portrayed subjects with compassion and dignity
• wrote parlor songs
• Beautiful Dreamer

Question 16

Character Piece

Answer 16

• a work of relatively small dimension that seeks to portray and explore the mood or “character” of a particular person, idea, situation, or emotion.
• brief sectional and fairly simple
• Robert Schumann Carnival

Question 17

Rubato

Answer 17

• literally “robbed time”

- a bending of the tempo that involved tempo shifts

Question 18

Frederic Chopin

Answer 18

• Mazurkas and polonaises which are native Polish dances
• nationalism
• nocturnes
• Études
• Waltzes

Question 19

Robert Schumann

Answer 19

• Carnival (character piece)

- autobiographical A.S.C.H. S.C.H.A

Question 20

Franz Liszt

Answer 20

• Nauges gris (Grey Clouds)
• virtuosic pianist
• popularized the recital

Question 21

Louis Morceau Gottschalk

Answer 21

• American composer with sympathies to the Union side during the civil war
• wrote Union with Yankee Doodle, Star Spangles Banner, and Hail Columbia

Question 22

Niccolo Paganini

Answer 22

• very strong virtuosic violinist

- wrote his Caprices which were very difficult

Question 23

Bel canto

Answer 23

“Beautiful singing”

• Rossini
• refers to a vocal technique that emphasizes lyrical melodic lines, legato phrasing and a seemingly effortless vocal technique.
• lively ending known as Cabaletta

Question 24

Cabaletta

Answer 24

Features in be canto arias

- lively conclusion

Question 25

Gioacchino Rossini

Answer 25

• established the bel canto operatic tradition
• Italian
• Il Barbiere di Siviglia

Question 26

Giuseppe Verdi

Answer 26

• leading composer of opera
• dramatic realism
• the use of the scena (scene) as the unit of dramatic organization: extended spans of music and drama uninterrupted for little opportunities for applause
• dramatically justified virtuosity: reflect character of singer arias never interrupt the flow of the drama

Question 27

Richard Wagner

Answer 27

• proponent of programmatic music
• Lietmotif
• ## drama acted on stage could be treated as visible and verbal manifestation of drama acted by instruments in orchestra

Question 28

Gesamtkunstwerk

Answer 28

• Wagner
• drama acted on stage could be treated as visible and verbal manifestation of drama acted by instruments in orchestra
• can trace the development of music by the changes of the Lietmotif

Question 29

Lietmotiv

Answer 29

• “leading motive”
• a brief musical idea connected to some person, event or idea on musical drama
• growth, development, and transformation

Question 30

Clara Schumann

Answer 30

• Vorwarts
• political theme
• a Capella, four parts, small chorus
• poem written by Emmanuel Geibel

Question 31

Anton Bruckner

Answer 31

• style from Renaissance

- Caecilian movement a Capella and in the style of 16th century polyphony