History

Question 1

What were the four original provinces?

Answer 1

BC, The North-Western Territory, Rupert’s Land and NFLD

Question 2

J.S. Woodsworth

Answer 2

Became first leader for the CCF which later became the NDP

Question 3

John A. Macdonald

Answer 3

Was a conservative and the first PM of Canada. He is considered the father of federation. His nation building consided of protective tariffs, completion of the railway and settlement through the west.

Question 4

Rupert’s Land

Answer 4

RL was bought by John A’s gov in 1867 in order to move farmers to this land. The Metis were not included in this, even though it was primarily aboriginal which made Metis upset. And since the gov was elected they were unable to join. The Red River Rebellion set back the purchase of this land.

Question 5

Numbered Treaties

Answer 5

The numbered treaties agreed to set aside reserves for aboriginal people to live on but the amount differed between treaties in exchange for a surrender of their rights and title to these lands, the FN were promised a smaller parcel of land as a reserve, annual annuity payments, implements to either farm, hunt or fish and right to continue to hunt, trap or fish on land surrendered.

Question 6

Indian Act

Answer 6

Fed gov act which defines who is an “indian” and contains their rights. Basically the premise was indians were uncivilized and therefore needed supervision. It replaced traditional structure to make it more Canadian traditional. It ignored indigineous acts and customs and treated them like subjects not citizens – couldn’t vote unless they gave up status. Couldn’t own land under their own name, religious freedoms were lost, and NWMP were created to upkeep peace and uphold laws in the west.

Question 7

NWMP

Answer 7

Implemented by John A to patrol the NWT, they also oversaw the klondike gold rush, and the North-West Rebellion. They later became the RCMP

Question 8

Pacific Scandal

Answer 8

A political scandal involving allegations of bribes being accepted by the Conservative gov to influence bidding for a national rail contract. The scandal led to the resignation of John A. and a transfer from conservative to liberal led by Mackenzie.

Question 9

National Policy

Answer 9

Implemented by John A’s conservatives and called for protective tariff’s, settlement of the west through immigration and building of the railway

Question 10

Clifford Sifton

Answer 10

A politician under Laurier who encouraged massive amounts of immigration. He had a less restrictive immigration policies and lobbied to keep the “undesirables” from immigrating (Asians, Blacks, Jews)

Question 11

Social Gospel

Answer 11

Country wide movement that established missions and settlement houses, orphanages and established institutions in the slums. The believed they needed to rid Canada of social evils; alcohol, poverty, racism etc They were trying to create moral acceptable middle class neighbourhoods, men work, women stay at home. Alcohol was the cause of evil and caused crime, VD, neglect work, violence. Social movement took on temperance

Question 12

WCTU

Answer 12

Founded in 1874 by Youmans. Fought for laws and gov, made speeches, collected signatures, these movements were significant because peitioning and lobbying were “mens work.” Considered themselves mothers of the nation.

Question 13

Maternal Feminism (WTCU & NCW)

Answer 13

They understood the different roles and wanted to be separate not equal. Political powers derive from motherhood. First wave feminism wanted laws changed and rights for women. Early Canadian feminism was based on the idea that women are natural caregivers who should participate in public life because of their perceived propensity for decisions that will result in good care of society. Women were seen to be a civilizing force on society – missionary work and WCTU.

Question 14

Prohibition

Answer 14

Prohibition was spurred by efforts of the temperance movement to close all drinking establishments. Poverty, crime, disease and abuse would stop. In 1898 referendum 51.3 percent were for and 48.7 against. Quebec only lasted a few months and PEI lasted almost 50 years.

Question 15

Military Voters Act/Wartime Elections Act (Borden)

Answer 15

The MVA gave the vote to al Canadian soldiers regardless of how long they had been in the country as well as women serving in the armed forces. The Wartime Elections act gave the vote to wives, widows, mothers and sisters of soldiers overseas.

Question 16

Conscription Crisis 1917

Answer 16

Almost all French Canadians opposed conscription: They felt they had no loyalty to Britain or France and English Canadians supported the war effort so this created a considerable rift. Borden used the MVA to bring in conscription. Quebec’s Bourossa and Liberal Laurier strongly opposed.

Question 17

Borden

Answer 17

Borden was Conservative PM. He was worried about how Canada would be viewed if it couldn’t keep up, wanted Canada to be seen as an independent nation and thought if numbers were provided it would be taken seriously.

Question 18

Vimy Ridge

Answer 18

The Canadian Army fought the Germans on French ground. This was a huge success for Canadians and is often seen as Canada’s coming of a nation, now distinct from Britain but closely tied. There was more than 10,000 casualties.

Question 19

The Persons Case (1929)

Answer 19

Murphy was denied for being a judge and so she got the famous five together including Nellie McClung. They fought to have women recognized as persons under the BNA Act. The women appealed the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision and the British Privy Council announced that women are persons and have the same rights as men with respect to political power. It also established the living tree doctrine which meant that the constitution would grow with the country and adapt to the changing times.

Question 20

The Winnipeg General Strike

Answer 20

All workers who had a job would go on strike (30,000) and wanted better wages and working conditions. Lasted about a month and a committee to do essential work was organized. Citizens committee of One Thousand (gov and big business) propose to crush the strike and threw in Bolshevik progaganda. Fed gov sent in RCMP and this was known as bloddy Saturday (they shot into crowd and caused riot) Cities across country briefly went on strike to support this.

Question 21

On-to-Ottawa

Answer 21

Thousands of unemployed men protesting conditions in federal relief camps rioted in Van and decided to travel to Ottawa to bring grievances to Fed gov. Rioters made it to Regina and were stopped by Bennet and the RCMP. They were taken to a camp and 8 men could proceed on behalf.

Question 22

Regina Riot

Answer 22

Violent clash between RCMP and striking workers.

Question 23

Bennet’s New Deal

Answer 23

Bennett’s career was ruined by the depression. HOC committee discussing UI Act in 1940. Bennett proposed New Deal in 1935 borrowed from Roosevelt; the Canadian version was proposal for system of UI. King was not keen on this but he didn’t get elected. Health insurance, UI, pension, maximum hours in a working week.

Question 24

Unemployment Insurance

Answer 24

The UI was looked at as unconstitutional since it was outside the jurisdiction of the fed gov and it should be done by provinces. It was the first national resource program and people would have to pay into it and get it if they needed. Beginning of WWII depression ended so UI didn’t have to pay out as much so then funded war effort.

Question 25

Natural Resource Mobilization Act

Answer 25

King had to rethink conscription in order to keep troop numbers high so all men had to register with the RMA. Men eligible for military service were restricted from positions considered not to be essential to the war effort so those ineligible for service.

Question 26

CWACs (Canadian Women’s Army Corps

Answer 26

Acted as nurses, cooks, did laundry and tailoring services in order to free up men for combat, they were ambulance drivers, mechanics, and soon took on traditonal male roles. Some women got a taste of liberation and others say it was out of necessity.

Question 27

Japanese-Canadian Internment

Answer 27

Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and for the purpose of national security Japanese were relocated from the West Coast and moved into the interior. This happened to both naturalized born in Canada and Japanese immigrants (3/4 of interned were Canadian citizens). No one was ever charged with treason and there wasn’t any proof but the gov did it for precaution. Their stuff was auctioned off and families were shipped off in buses to work on farms and road building camps. King authorized all of these which suspended civil liberties.

Question 28

Baby Boom

Answer 28

There was a boom in the number of babies in 1945 since their was stability. This accompanies changing family dynamics; marriage younger, children earlier. There was economic prosperity, there was a lot of social structures in place, unemployment was low. A lot of consumer goods were being bought do to disposable income.

Question 29

Tommy Douglas/CCF

Answer 29

Premier of SK and introduced medicare. CCF helped create programs for people in depression years, called for comprehensive safety net. A growing number of people believed in these ideals. People who couldn’t afford health care would have it pay for by tax payers. He said if he was reelected he would introduce medicare and he won. Medicare was underway in 1962.

Question 30

Medicare

Answer 30

Implemented in 1962 and caused a working class strike. College of Physicians and Surgeons striked for 3 weeks in fear of a loss of control. Farmers and working class were for medicare. Gov was not backing down so negotiators were brought in and some concessions were given to doctors; salary scales, doctors wanted to implement a fee for service. In the federal level Medical Care Act was implemented in 1966.

Question 31

Suburbs

Answer 31

This was said to be ideal for families. McCleans greatest phenomenon on the 20th century; green grasses, health, freedom, sign that a family had made it.
Cars were becoming a necessity.

Question 32

Royal Commission on the Status of Women

Answer 32

Examined the status of women and recommended steps that might be taken by the fed gov to ensure equal opportunity. 1. Women should be free to choose whether to work outside their home 2. The care of a child is responsibility of mother, father, society 3. Society has a responsibility for women because of pregnancy and birth 4. In certain areas women will require special treatment to overcome the adverse effects of discrimination

Question 33

Maurice Duplessis

Answer 33

Premier of QC in a conservative party called Union Nationale. He was Premier in an era known as The Great Darkness. He delivered roads, hospitals and prosperity for Quebecers. He favoured rural areas over city development and he opposed conscription in WWII.

Question 34

Asbestos Strike

Answer 34

In 1949 there was a four-month labour dispute by asbestos miners. It has been thought to be the turning point in that helped to lead the Quiet Revolution. The workers wanted better pay, elimination of asbestos dust, a social security fund, double time for work on Sundays and holidays and these demands were rejected by the owners. The strike was illegal and Duplessis sided with the companies. The Catholic Church was an allie of Duplesis but sided with the workers as well as the population and media of Quebec. The strike turned violent and the union decided it must compromise. When it ended the workers got few gains but in long term the conditions and wages of workers increased considerably. The Catholic Church no longer supported the Union Nationale which signaled a dramatic change in Quebec society.

Question 35

FLQ

Answer 35

Far Left-wing quebecois nationalist paramilitary group of Canada in the 60s. It ws regarded as a terrorist organization for its violent methods of action including the bombing of Montreal Stock Exchange. FLQ members practiced propaganda and were trying to gain independence of Quebec from Canada and the establishment of French-speaking workers society

Question 36

October Crisis

Answer 36

A series of events triggered by two kidnappings of gov officials by members of the FLQ during October in QC. It resulted in the only peacetime use of the WMA in Canada’s history

Question 37

Red Power

Answer 37

Aboriginal people were tired of racism, injustice and being oppressed. Thy were demanding political rights and better living conditions. This was parallel to the movment in the US for black people. Native Alliance for Red Power had an agenda to gain back rights.

Question 38

Abortion Caravan

Answer 38

Caravan of second wave feminists who travelled from Vancouver to Ottawa to bring awareness to the abortion law and women’s rights in the 1970s. Protesting abortion law, which in 1969 had been amended to make abortion legal in some cases but still next to impossible to access. Brought their demands to Trudeau, and left a coffin on his doorstep filled with coat hangars as a symbol. Their protests shut down the HOC when they changed themselves to chairs. First big statement of the movement. Abortion caravan was significant b/c it contained women concerned with other issues like equal pay, child care, domestic violence

Question 39

SUPA (Student Union for Peace Action

Answer 39

National organization founded in Regina in 1964 which operated on university campuses, coordinating community projects, alternative programs and summer youth programs. Focused on important social and political issues. Wanted to abolish war, racism, poverty, undemocratic political and technological procedures, and belligerent values. They had protests and demonstrations and organized community events to voice opinions and objections. Created a society where individuals use power of democracy and community to improve lives of citizens and fight for social justice.

Question 40

Impact of WWI on Canadians:

Answer 40

Canada gained their independence in particular to the Battle of Vimy Ridge “the birth of a nation”
Women gained the right to vote (suffrage)
Conscription crisis separated the French and English Canadians
The war measures act was put in use; gave government new, undemocratic power to deal with war

Question 41

Impact of WWII on Canadians:

Answer 41

It changed Canada from a mostly agricultural nation to an industrial one
King implemented social programs like UI and family allowance
Women entered the workforce
After the war there was a healthy economy and the baby boom occurred
An influx in consumer goods, suburbia and the need for a vehicle
Women gained independence and second wave feminism began
Low unemployment
The economy recovered from the Great Depression and gained post war prosperity