History 30 Flashcards
What is Ideology?
Definition: A body of ideas reflecting beliefs/values of a nation & political system.
Purpose: Helps governments decide policies.
Major Ideologies
What are the Six Major Ideologies?
- Communism/Marxism
- Socialism
- Liberalism
4.Conservatism - Facism
- Modern Facism
Major Ideologies
What is Communism/Marxism?
- Classless, stateless society with shared ownership.
- No private property; government controls economy.
- Government provides for all needs; individuals only work.
Major Ideologies
What is Socialism?
- State ownership of land, industry, and capital.
- High minimum wages & high taxes on the wealthy.
- Government provides services to promote equality.
- Wars fought on the backs of the working class.
Major Ideologies
What is Liberalism?
- Emphasizes liberty, political equality, & human rights.
- Supports personal freedom with limited state control.
- Government protects individual rights & property.
- Supports diversity & urban living.
- War may be necessary for national interest.
Major Ideologies
What is Concservatism?
- Minimal government involvement.
- Supports free markets, capitalism, & traditional values.
- Pro-business, anti-union, & rural-based.
- War is necessary for a strong society.
Major Ideologies
What is Facism?
- Strong centralized government with a single ruler.
- Extreme nationalism, militarism, & propaganda.
- Suppresses individual rights for the state.
- Believes peace is weakness; supports strong military.
Major Ideologies
What is Modern Facism
- Rise of authoritarianism & suppression of dissent.
- Nationalism, xenophobia, & propaganda.
- Militarization & political violence.
- Warning signs: Attacks on democracy, free speech, & human rights.
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
What types of governments are there?
- Monarchy
- Dictatorship
- Oligarchy
- Aristocracy
- Theocracy
- Democracy
- Constitutional Monarchy
- Republic
- Federalism
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
What is it? Pros and cons of Monarchy
Power is inherited.
✅ Tradition preserved.
❌ Citizens have little say.
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
What is it? Pros and cons of Dictatorship
Power held by one individual, often military-backed.
✅ Quick decision-making.
❌ No guarantee of meeting people’s needs.
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
What is it? Pros and cons of Oligarchy
Power held by a few people.
✅ Balanced leadership.
❌ Citizens’ needs may be ignored.
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
What is it? Pros and cons of Aristocracy
Power held by the wealthy elite.
✅ Educated/influential leaders.
❌ Social inequality.
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
What is Theocracy?
Government ruled by religious authority.
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
What is it? Pros and cons of Democracy
Power lies with elected officials.
✅ Citizens have a say.
❌ Decision-making can be slow.
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
What is the Constitutional Monarchy?
Monarch is a figurehead; real power in a constitution.
📌 Example: Canada.
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
What is the Republic?
Citizens elect representatives to govern.
📌 Example: USA, Germany, Finland.
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
What is Federalism?
Power divided between central & regional governments.
Canada’s Government System
What is the Constitution (1867-1982)?
- Canada became self-governing in 1982 (Canada Act).
- Includes the Canadian Charter of Rights & Freedoms.
Canada’s Government System
What is the Division of Powers?
- Federal & provincial governments can’t make laws for each other.
- Citizens must follow federal, provincial, & local laws.
Branches of Government
What are the three Branches of Government?
- Executive Branch
- Legislative Branch
- Judicial Branch
Branches of Government
What is the Executive Branch?
Consists of The Prime Minister, Cabinet Ministers, Monarch (symbolic role); Enforces laws
Branches of Government
What is the Legislative Branch?
Consists of The House of Commons & Senate; Makes laws.
Branches of Government
What is the Judicial Branch?
Consists of The Supreme Court & lower courts; Interprets laws.
