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MTEL Gen. Ed. > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

0
Q

Show the natural and human made surface features of the earth, including mountain elevations, roads, state lines , etc.

A

Topographic maps

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1
Q

Created from Ariel and field surveys;serve as a starting point for topographic and thematic maps

A

Base maps

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2
Q

Use a base or topographic map for showing data based on theme, such as population, wildlife, economic trends, etc.

A

Thematic maps

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3
Q

Time is linked to…..

A

Longitude

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4
Q

A complete rotation of the earth

A

360 degrees of longitude; occurs every 24 hours

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5
Q

Prime meridian

A

Zero point; Greenwich, England

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6
Q

Time zones

A

24 time zones at 15 degrees each

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7
Q

International date line

A

180/360 meridian - where each day begins and ends

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8
Q

Art and science of mapmaking

A

Cartography

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9
Q

Earliest local area maps

A

Drawn by Egyptians as early as 1300 BC

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10
Q

Greek maps

A

Maps of the known world in the 6th century BC

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11
Q

Cartography grew into

A

Geography

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12
Q

Steps to modern mapmaking

A

1) survey (Ariel photos and field surveys)

2) compile information from collected data and produce map

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13
Q

Features of geographic location

A

1) physical location
2) Cultural features
3) religion
4) languages

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14
Q

Formed from millions of tiny, tube shaped polyps, an animal life form incased in tough limestone skeletons

A

Coral reefs

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15
Q

3 types of coral reefs

A

1) fringing reefs
2) barrier reefs
3) atolls

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16
Q

Formed by the movement of geologic plates which collide and push up the earths crust to form these

A

Mountains - process is called orogeny

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17
Q

Environmental adaptations

A

People adapt to environmental conditions (digging wells where surface water is unavailable, etc.)

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18
Q

Maximum, sustained level of use an environment can handle without deterioration that would lead to environmental destruction

A

Carrying capacity

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19
Q

What can extend an areas carrying capacity?

A

Energy and water conservation; recycling

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20
Q

3 different points of view that can be used to study history

A

1) space
2) environment
3) chronology

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21
Q

Spatial organization in geography

A

How things or people are grouped in a given space anywhere on earth

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22
Q

5 themes of geography

A

1) location
2) place
3) human- environmental interaction
4) movement
5) regions

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23
Q

Study of landforms

A

Geomorphology

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24
Q

Oceans cover how much earth.

A

Cover 71 percent of earth

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25
Q

5 major oceans

A

Pacific ( largest and deepest), Atlantic, Indian, arctic, southern

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26
Q

Smaller than oceans somewhat surrounded by land like a lake, but are salt water

A

Seas

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27
Q

Bodies of water in a depression on the earths surface

A

Lake

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28
Q

Channeled flow of water that start out as a spring or stream formed by runoff or snow.

A

Rivers

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29
Q

Rivers flow

A

Higher to lower ground

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30
Q

Artificial waterways constructed by humans to connect 2 larger bodies of water

A

Canals

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31
Q

Elevated landforms that rise fairly steeply from the earths surface to a summit (1000-2000 ft above sea level)

A

Mountains

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32
Q

Elevated landforms that raise 500-2000 ft above sea level

A

Hills

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33
Q

Low series of hills found between a plain and a mountain range

A

Foothills

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34
Q

Long depression located between hills or mountains. These are usually a product of erosion

A

Valleys

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35
Q

Elevated landforms that are fairly flat on top ( as high as 10,000 ft above sea level)

A

Plateaus

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36
Q

Flat areas of upland

A

Mesas

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37
Q

Extensive areas of low lying flat land; usually lower than landforms around them

A

Plains

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38
Q

Large dry Areas that relieve less than 10 inches of rain per year

A

Deserts

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39
Q

Accumulations of silt deposited at river mouths into the seabed

A

Deltas

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40
Q

Come in various types; may be low areas that catch water from rivers, etc.

A

Basins

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41
Q

Marshes and swamps are both

A

Lowlands

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42
Q

Have no trees and are always wet

A

Marshes

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43
Q

Have trees and try periods

A

Swamps

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44
Q

Many plants and animals, few humans and crops due to harsh climates

A

Taiga and tundra

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45
Q

Colder winters and hotter summers than tundra; forest

A

Taiga

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46
Q

Frozen ground; Marshy plain in an area that has a very cold climate but little snow

A

Tundra

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47
Q

Worlds largest forest region

A

Taiga

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48
Q

4 seasons; cold winter, hot summer, sufficient rainfall for crops

A

Humid continental climate

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49
Q

Dry flatlands (prairies that receive 10-20 inches of rain per year). These dry flatlands can be grasslands or deserts

A

Prairie climate/steppe region

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50
Q

Humid, tropical areas; moisture carried by wind traveling over warm ocean currents produces long summers and mild winters

A

Subtropical climate

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51
Q

Near or surrounded by water. Warm winds bring moisture and warm temps all year, and plentiful rain

A

Marine climate

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52
Q

Study of climate, water, and land and their relationships with each other and humans

A

Physical geography

53
Q

Study of the influence of the environment on human behaviors as well as the effect of human activities on the environment

A

Cultural geography

54
Q

Things provided by nature that have commercial value to humans ( minerals, timber, fish,etc. )

A

Natural resources

55
Q

Can be replenished ( wind, water, solar energy, etc.)

A

Renewable resources

56
Q

Can replenish themselves if they are not over harvested

A

Lifting resources

57
Q

Cannot be replenished, although some can be recycled (fossil fuels, etc.)

A

Non renewable resources

58
Q

Natural resources that have to be extracted rather than created

A

Commodities

59
Q

The only accurate representation of the earths size, shape, distance, and direction

A

Globe

60
Q

3 types of map projections

A

Conical
Cylindrical
Azimuthal - plane

61
Q

Highest point in world

A

Mt. Everest

62
Q

Lowest point in world

A

Dead Sea

63
Q

Largest sea

A

Coral

64
Q

Largest lake

A

Caspian Sea

65
Q

Longest river

A

Nile

66
Q

These ancient civilizations are characterized by their unique contributions to the development of world civilizations

A

Sumer, Egypt, Indus Valley

67
Q

First known writing system

A

Sumer

68
Q

Settled villages, national religion, central government, libraries, and writing

A

Egypt

69
Q

Culture of luxury, no known national government, advanced civic system, prosperous trade routes

A

Indus Valley

70
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Formed Greece by uniting city- state groups

71
Q

Had the worlds longest lasting and continuous empire (since 221 BC); written record of culture

A

China

72
Q

Middle Ages/ medieval times

A 
500-1500 AD 
Catholicism
Knights
Universities
Crusades
Black Plague
73
Q

Crusades

A

Christians and Muslims over holy lands

74
Q

Began as an attempt to reform Catholic Church and fix corruption but led to separation from it (early 1500s)

A

Protestant reformation

75
Q

Renewal of interest in Ancient Greek and Latin art, literature, and philosophy (14th-16th centuries); time of scientific inquiry, geographical exploration, rise of secular values

A

Renaissance

76
Q

Important renaissance people

A 
Petrarch
De Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael
Erasmus
Shakespeare
77
Q

Started in England with cotton mill in 1733. Other inventions followed rapidly. Led to urbanization, pollution, crowded population, labor laws

A

Industrial revolution

78
Q

French exploration contributors

A

Verrazano
Champlain
Cartier
De la sale

79
Q

Claimed and explored huge portions of US after Christopher Columbus (country and names)

A 
Spanish
Ponce de Leon
Pineda
Narvaez
De vaca
Coronado
De soto
80
Q

1585 Raleigh sent Barlow to mainland and named it

A

Virginia

81
Q

Established in Virginia in 1619 - first legislative assembly in American colonies

A

House of burgesses

82
Q

During the colonization of Virginia…

A

Local government grew strong and tobacco created wealth

83
Q

Sent 24 Puritan families (pilgrims) to Virginia on the mayflower

A

The virginia company

84
Q

Instead of landing on Virginia, in 1620 the mayflower landed at

A

Plymouth, Massachusetts

85
Q

First thanksgiving occurred; survived with help of natives

A

Plymouth plantation

86
Q

1649, puritans arrived in Salem, which….

A

Became an important port and made famous by witch trials

87
Q

Established by lord Baltimore in 1632 in hopes of providing refuge for English Catholics

A

Maryland

88
Q

Indians sold most of the Massachusetts land to English….and ______________ was organized

A

Self- governed Massachusetts bay company

89
Q

Williams banished from Massachusetts because he called for __________. He established _________.

A

Separation of church and state; Rhode Island colony

90
Q

Penn received a royal charter for establishing Pennsylvania as a…..

A

Colony for Quakers, allowed immigrants from mixed denominations to join

91
Q

English colonies rebelled against England. This was called

A

The American revolution

92
Q

Reasons for American revolution

A
  • England was controlling
  • Treated as inferiors when Americans fought for British
  • heavy taxation (sugar and stamp acts)
  • restrictions on trade
  • wanted to govern selves - already had functioning government
  • fear of British blocking westward expansion
93
Q

Event leading to American Revolution - boston massacre

A

1770 soldiers fired on crowd and killed 5 people

94
Q

Event leading to American revolution - boston tea party

A

1773, sons of liberty dumped tea into Boston harbor to protest tea tax. British responded harshly which aggravated the situation more

95
Q

1775 British soldiers on a mission to take military supplies met up with minutemen in Lexington, Massachusetts. A shot was fired. Americans were outnumbered and forced to retreat. Americans succeeded in concord. Pushed British to Boston and the siege of Boston began.

A

Event leading to American revolution - shot heard around the world

96
Q

Original 13 colonies

A

Connecticut, Delaware,Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia

97
Q

First state to ratify constitution

A

Delaware

98
Q

Established the continental army and chose George Washington as commanding general. They allowed printing of money and created government offices - turning point of revolution

A

Second continental congree

99
Q

Organized boycotts against Britain

A

First continental congress

100
Q

Published in 1776by Thomas Paine; the pamphlet called for independence and was widely distributed

A

“Common sense”

101
Q

Written by Thomas Jefferson, signed on July 4, 1776 by the continental congress

A

Declaration of Independence

102
Q

Benjamin Franklin negotiated an agreement sigh France to fight with Americans

A

Alliance with France -1778

103
Q

Signaled the official end of the war, granted independence to the colonies, and gave generous territorial rights

A

Treaty of Paris

104
Q

Designed to protect states rights over those of national government and sent to the colonies for ratification in 1777

A

Articles of confederation

105
Q

Articles of the confederation had 2 problems

A

1 no centralized government

2 no centralized power to tax or regulate trade

106
Q

Since there was no national tax, the revolution was financed by printing more and more money which led to

A

Inflation

107
Q

Created three branches of government with checks and balances and created bicameral legislation (equal representation for states)

A

New constitution - added in 1791

108
Q

anti federal it’s opposed new constitution. Requested this to protect citizens from government and was added to the constitution in 1791

A

Bill of rights

109
Q

Thomas Jeffersons greatest achievement as president. Reasons for purchase were to gain New Orleans port, remove French threat of trade interference in Mississippi River, double territory of US

A

Louisiana purchase

110
Q

Jefferson sent __________ to map new Louisiana territory and find a passage to the pacific. Their expedition led to western migration

A

Lewis and Clark

111
Q

War between France and Britain that caused blockades that hurt American trade and soused British to attack American ships. British burned White House.

A

War of 1812

112
Q

Benefit of war of 1812

A

Americans became more self sufficient due to increased manufacturing and fewer imports

113
Q

Made by president James Monroe in 1823, foreign policy that warned european powers to cease colonization of central and South America. In return America would leave Europe political affairs alone

A

Monroe doctrine

114
Q

Gave guidelines to keep slave states and moms slave states balanced

A

Missouri compromise - 1820

115
Q

Considered beginning of modern political party system and Democratic Party

A

Jackson’s election

116
Q

Removed natives from areas that whites wanted to settle (including trail of tears)

A

Indian removal act of 1830

117
Q

States that left union to form a confederation

A

SC, NC, VA, FA, Mississippi, AL, LA, TX, TN

118
Q

Presidential election triggered secession of south

A

Abraham Lincoln

119
Q

Grant received Lees surrender at the _______ in 1865 . Union had won the civil war.

A

Appomattox court house

120
Q

1865-1877
South was under strict control of US government.
State government reconstruction.
13, 14, and 15th amendments

A

Reconstruction period

121
Q

Declared slavery illegal

A

13 amendment

122
Q

Made all born in US citizens

A

14th amendment

123
Q

Made it illegal to deny right to vote based on race

A

15th amendment

124
Q

Reconstruction led to industrialization for example….

A

New inventions
Railroad expansion
Gold and silver mining
Cattle ranching

125
Q

Time period from 1890s to 1920s - when progressive, reform minded political leaders wanted to export a rational social order to the rest of the world while increasing trade wig foreign markets. Led to Spanish-American war.

A

Progressive movement

126
Q

Reason America joined world war 1 in 1915

A

British ship was torpedoed by the Germans. Many Americans were killed. Germans tried to make Japan and Mexico attack America.

127
Q

Reason for America entering world war 2

A

1941 japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Defeated hitler then Japan.

128
Q

World war 1 led to…

A

Decade of optimism and Great Depression.rich got richer and everyone was optimistic until stock market crash and economy spiraled downward

129
Q

World war 2 led to…

A

Increased manufacturing of goods for war efforts. The production led to ending the Great Depression

MTEL Gen. Ed. (1 decks)

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