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Hist 220 > History 220 Chapter 1 &2 > Flashcards

History 220 Chapter 1 &2 Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic

A

A system composed of nonliving or inorganic matter

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2
Q

atmosphere

A

the thin layer of gases surrounding earth

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3
Q

biosphere

A

all living organisms on earth

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4
Q

biotic

A

the system composed of living organisms

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5
Q

cartography

A

the science of making maps

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6
Q

concentration

A

the spread of something over a given area

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7
Q

connection

A

relationship among people and objects across the barrier of spce

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8
Q

contagious diffusion

A

the rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout population

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9
Q

cultural ecology

A

the geographic study of human-environment relationsships

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10
Q

cultural landscape

A

fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group

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11
Q

density

A

the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area

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12
Q

diffusion

A

the process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time

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13
Q

distance decay

A

the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

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14
Q

distribution

A

the arrangement of something across earths surface

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15
Q

ecology

A

the scientific study of ecosystems

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16
Q

ecosystem

A

a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact

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17
Q

environmental determinism

A

a 19th and early 20th century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment cause human activities

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18
Q

expansion diffusion

A

the spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process

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19
Q

formal region

A

or uniform or homogeneous region,: An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics.

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20
Q

functional region

A

(or nodal region) An Area organized around a node or focal point

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21
Q

Geographic Grid

A

a system of imaginary arcs drawn in a grid pattern on earth’s surface

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22
Q

Geographic Information Science (GIScience)

A

The development and analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies

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23
Q

Geographic information system (GIS)

A

a computer system that store, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

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24
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

a system that determines the precise location of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.

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25
Globalization
Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope
26
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
The time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or ) degrees longitude
27
Hearth
The region from which innovative ideas originate
28
Hierarchical Diffusion
The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
29
Hydrosphere
all of the water on and near Earth's surface
30
International Date Line
A meridian that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude. When you cross the date line heading east, the clock moves back 24 hours.
31
Latitude
The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator
32
Lithosphere
Earths crust and a portion of the upper mantle directly below the crust
33
location
the position of anything on earths surface
34
longitude
the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian
35
Map
A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of earths surfaces or part of it
36
Map scale
The relationship between the size of on the map and the size of the actual feature on earths surface
37
Meridian
An arc drawn on the map between the north and south poles
38
Parallel
A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
39
Pattern
The regular arrangement of something in a study area
40
place
a specific point on Earth Distinguished by a particular characteristic
41
polder
land created by the dutch by draining water from an area
42
Possibilism
The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives
43
Prime Meridian
The meridian, at 0 degrees longitude, that passes through the royal observatory at Greenwich, England
44
Projection
The system used to transfer locations from earth's surface to a flat map
45
Region
An area of earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of cultural and physical features.
46
Relocation diffusion
the spread of a feature or trend trough bodily movement of people from one place to another
47
remote sensing
The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods
48
Scale
The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a Whole
49
Site
The physical character of a place
50
Situation
The location of a place relative to other places
51
Space
The physical gap or interval between 2 objects
52
Space-Time compression
the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.
53
Spatial Interaction
The movement of physical processes, human activities, and ideas within and among regions
54
Stimulus diffusion
The spread of an underlying principle, even tough a specific characteristic is rejected.
55
Toponym
The name given to a portion of earth's surface
56
Transnational corporation
A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located
57
Vernacular Region (perceptual Region)
An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
58
Agricultural Density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
59
Arable Land
Land Suited for agriculture
60
Arithmetic Density
The total number of people divided by the total land area
61
CBR
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society
62
CDR
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive
63
Demographic Transition
The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high CBR and High CDRs and a low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population
64
Dependency Ratio
The number of people who are considered too young or too old to work (under 15 or over age 64), compared to the number of people in their productive years
65
Doubling Time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
66
Elderly Support Ratio
The number of working age people (age 15-64) divided by the number of persons 65 or older
67
Epidemiologic Transition
Distinctive causes of death in each stage of a demographic transition
68
Epidemiology
Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease that affect large numbers of people
69
Infant Mortality Rate
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society
70
Life Expectancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
71
Natural Increase Rate
The % growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the CDR
72
Overpopulation
The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
73
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high portion of the population
74
Physiological Density
The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
75
Population Pyramid
A bar Graph that displays the percentage of a place's population for each age and gender
76
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

Hist 220 (2 decks)

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