History 2090 Final

Question 1

What is a Classical Concerto

Answer 1

A Baroque Ritornello form fused with the sonata form containing

2 expositions 1) Orchestral 2) solo and accompaniment

Development 1) solo episode 2) develop themes and modulate to the V 3) Ritornello section that continues to develop the themes in the V key

Recapitulation (1 Solo episode in sonata form 2) ends on cadential 6/4 to set up the soloist

Coda (1 Ritornello form like coda that brings back material to the home key

Question 2

What is Simple Binary

Answer 2

A two part structure in which each part is of equal length and is usually repeated. Each part will contain a specific theme with an antecedent and consequent phrase. First part will end in either a HC IAC or PAC in subordinate key, then the second part will end in a PAC

Question 3

What is Rounded Binary

Answer 3

A Binary form with a recapitulation of the main theme in the second part. Will usually end the first part in a PAC in home or subordinate key, then the second part will begin with the new idea and end with the opening theme.

Question 4

What is Balanced Binary

Answer 4

Similar to rounded binary form except for the recapitulation. Rather than concluding with the beginning first theme, the B section will conclude with the ending theme of the first section. The second section will conclude in a PAC in the home key

Question 5

What is Minuet & Trio

Answer 5

A Baroque Dance Form with multi movement instrumental works. A structure resembling Da capo Aria (ABA). Typically modulates to the relative key and closes in a PAC in home key.

Question 6

What is Sonata form (Sonata Allegro)

Answer 6

The dominate large scale form in the classical era. Based on a three part structure (Exposition Development Recapitulation)

The exposition presents the main theme in the home key, second theme in the relative minor

The development explores further key areas in lengthy sequences. These sections end with lengthy dominate pedals to prep to return to the home key

The Recapitulation section provides a repeat of the exposition with the differance that the secondary theme will be presented in the home key

Question 7

What is Rondo form

Answer 7

Rondo form is characterized by a regular return to the opening section (A) alternating with contrasting sections (B,C,ETC)
Containing 5 to 7 sections following a pattern such as ABACA in a 5 part and ABACABA In a 7 part (Or sonata rondo form)

A Section in Home key with a PAC

B Section in V or relative minor with PAC in home key

C section will also be in IV or relative minor

Question 8

What is a Keyboard Sonata

Answer 8

A piano sonata is a sonata written for a solo piano. Piano sonatas are usually written in three or four movements, although some piano sonatas have been written with a single movement (Scarlatti, Liszt, Scriabin, Medtner), two movements (Haydn, Beethoven), five (Brahms’ Third Piano Sonata) or even more movements. The first movement is generally composed in sonata

Question 9

Important composers (8)

Answer 9

• W.A. Mozart
• L. Mozart
• L. van Beethoven
   C.W. Gluck
• C.P.E. Bach
• J.C. Bach
• J. Haydn

Question 10

Other important people (4) Why are they famous?

Answer 10

• Lorenzo da Ponte (Librettist for Mozarts Don Giovanni)
• Raniero da Calzabigi (Librettist for Gluck and Reform Opera)
• The Esterhazy Princes (The court which Hayden composed for)
• Karl von Lichnowsky (Loyal supporter and beneficiary to Beethoven)

Question 11

Why is the location Mannheim significant?

Answer 11

Johan Stamiz (Orchestra in Mannheim) A larger Orchestra with a focus on winds and contained better players
Standardized the four movement format

Question 12

Why is the location Vienna significant?

Answer 12

W.A. Mozart location of his major composition career. He wrote his compositions like the Piano sonata F major and operas like The magic Flute. He established German national art form Singspeil

Question 13

Why is the location Ezterhaza significant?

Answer 13

The location of Hayden and the Princes that he worked for. Most of his string quartets and symphonies were composed there

Question 14

Why is the location Salzburg significant?

Answer 14

W.A. Mozarts Unpaid intership in the court of Salzburg. 10 years of freelance work and the position of Chamber music Composer for the Emperor of Vienna

Question 15

Why is the location Bonn significant?

Answer 15

Birthplace and resident of Beethoven. Where he composed most of his works until he became deaf and moved to the country side to die in silence. This was also the location of his patron Karl von Lichnowsky

Question 16

What is Comic Opera?

Answer 16

Comic Opera was a genre based out of Napels and Venice Italy. It was written in a common language that appealed to the middle class. Extremely crude and full of plot twists. Ending with a happy ending. Two sub-genres from the Comic opera emerged called Opera Buffa and Opera Seria. The Comic Opera grew in popularity in England over the 18th Century

Question 17

What is Seria Opera?

Answer 17

Known as Dramma per Musica was considered to be the serious opera. The Arcadian Academy created these operas to be a unity of time place and plot unlike the unregulated Comic opera. These operas ended with a moral message sung by the entire chorus. The Story remained streamline and single plot focused. These Operas would include an Intermezzo to relieve some tension on the audience during the intermission and provide a bit of comedy.

Question 18

What is Ballad Opera?

Answer 18

Launched almost entirely off of the Beggars Opera, The Ballad Opera was a resurgence of the traditional Comic opera as an attempt to satirize the London society of the time, mainly the aristocratic society.

Question 19

What was the Operatic Reform?

Answer 19

The Reform was spearheaded by C.W. Gluck to remake Opera into a story telling device rather than just a way to show off singers and Arias. The Overture matched the rest of the opera, the Orchestra was more prominently used throughout, and the Aria’s and Recitative’s became more similar. There was a dramatic reduction of old traditions like long vocal elaborations, Da Capo Arias, and more prominence with the chorus rather than a solo singer.

Question 20

What is the Symphony?

Answer 20

A structure based of the Italian Opera’s overture. Famously created by Hayden which followed a 3 part instrumental movement (Fast Slow Fast) Which Stamitz later introduced into the symphony later, the Minuet and trio.

Question 21

What is the String Quartet?

Answer 21

A four stringed instrumental group created by Hayden originally for the Esterhaza princes. 3 - 5 movements which were light hearted and witty with heavy counterpoint and were produced in a number of styles.