history 201

Question 1

John C. Calhoun

Answer 1

Vice President under Andrew JAckson

Until Petticoat war was a strong nationalist

Joined forces with Clay to condemn Jackson’s removal of funds from BUS(Bank of the United States)

Worked on the COmpromise of 1850 but died before it got passed

Last speech was read by another as he was too weak to read it himself

Question 2

Henry clay

Answer 2

Never was president-ran for president but lost

“The great compromiser”

Was speaker of the house

Was a War Hawk

Founder of the “American Systems”

Became Secretary of State

Was in the Senate

Worked closely with Calhoun

Question 3

California gold rush

Answer 3

James Marshall discovered gold flakes in the millrace

Discovery of was supposed to stay a secret

Thousand of americans rushed to California in hopes of “striking it rich”

Few people who looked for gold actually “struck it rich”, or even found any gold

Most of the profit was made by those who provided services to the miners

Levi Strauss a German Jewish immigrant sold so many tough work pants to miners that

his name became synonymous with his product(Levi Jeans)

Question 4

war of 1812

Answer 4

Second war for independence

Caused mainly by Embargo act of 1807 and the Orders in council

America won

One of the “worst fought wars in American History” to quote Mr.Shinn

U.S was not prepared for the war

Army and State militia was was poorly trained and undisciplined

Question 5

Louisiana purchase

Answer 5

Purchased under Jefferson Presidency

Monroe and Livingston negotiated the purchase from Napoleonic France

Roughly $15 million for the whole territory

Original goal was to acquire the florida’s and New Orleans

Changed government

Doubled american land mass

Question 6

Thomas jefferson

Answer 6

Initiated the Louisiana Purchase

Wrote a large part of the declaration of independence

Was a Jeffersonian Democrat(duh) and a strict constructionist

Sent Lewis and Clark on the Lewis and Clark expedition

Bolstered US claim to Oregon territory and the PAcific Northwest

Was an extremely popular president

Talked Congress into passing the embargo act of 1807

Question 7

harper’s ferry

Answer 7

Invade south secretly with 21 men, 5 blacks, including dangerfield Newby

Brown hoped to rescue his wife who was still a slave, and 16 whites, 2 of whom were
brown’s sons

Led by John Brown

Seized the federal arsenal and killed 7 men and injured 10 or so more in the process

Hoped to lead a slave revolution, but slaves unknowing of his caused failed to rise up

Killed for his actions and treated as a martyr

Question 8

monroe doctrine

Answer 8

Goal was non-colonization and non-intervention

response to European autocrats rumored to have banded together to reassert colonization of the Western hemisphere and crush democratic revolutions in Latin America

First aimed at Russia and its claims to land as far south as San Francisco

Angered European monarchs but not enough to actually do anything

Current land claim would be acknowledged but no new claims would be

Not much significance at the time

Question 9

king cotton

Answer 9

Eli Whitney

Invented cotton gin which made the production of cotton easier

Invention dramatically tied slavery to the south

Widely adopted by 1850

Became basis for mass and assembly line production

Question 10

popular sovereignty

Answer 10

Had the appeal of tradition democratic ideal of self-determination

Supported by Lewis Cass

stated that the sovereign people of a territory should themselves determine the status of slavery

Status of slavery to all new states was up to popular sovereignty
Only way to use popular sovereignty in the territories would be to repeal the Missouri Compromise.

Under abbourhant conditions popular sovereignty was a horror in Kansas

Question 11

five civilized tribes

Answer 11

Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks and Seminoles

Forced to give up there land and more territory

Ended Cherokees were forced to migrate down the Trail of Tears

Began with the defeat of the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend

Killing/confinement/removal of native americans was pushed by White expansion

Question 12

Missouri compromise

Answer 12

36,30’ line of the compromise alfuture bongage prohibited past the line

No more slaves could be brought into Missouri

Caused huge uproar of southern states

Lasted 34 years

Compromise had to be repealed for popular sovereignty to work

Dred Scott decision declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional

Question 13

trail of tears

Answer 13

Forced migration of Cherokee Indians

Moved to Oklahoma where they were supposed to be free from white encroachment

Government decrees did not work and were broken

Caused further tensions between native americans and whites

Lead to Black Hawk war

Very costly for AMerican government

Question 14

Oregon trail

Answer 14

Hundreds travel to oregon, many lives lost in the process

Average rate of progression for covered wagon was 1-2 mph

Estimated 17 deaths per mile for men, women, and children

Removed Britain’s reasonable claim to the territory

Caused by “Oregon Fever”

By 1846-5,000+ Americans settled south of the COlumbia river

Question 15

lewis and Clark expedition

Answer 15

Lead by Meriwhether Lewis and William CLark

Bolstered U.S claim to Oregon and parts of the Pacific Northwest

Further opened west to Native American trade and exploration

Pushed for westward expansion and settling by whites

Caused even more strained relations with native americans

Explored headwaters of the Mississippi River and ventured into Colorado and New Mexico

Question 16

underground railroad

Answer 16

As many as 1,000 slaves (out of 4 million) a year by 1850 escaped to areas such as Canada with the assistance of the Underground Railroad

“Passage” for slaves to run away

formal chain of ‘stations’-antislavery homes-through which the ‘passengers’, runaway slaves-were guided by ‘conductors’-black and white abolitionists-from the slave states to places free from persecution such as Canada

Harriet Tubman, John Brown, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sojourner Truth, William Still

WIlliam Still, “Father of the Underground Railroad” and coined the name of the Underground Railroad

Ohio was center of underground railroad activity

Question 17

treaty of guadalupe

Answer 17

Confirmed US title to Texas and area stretching westward to Oregon and the ocean and included California.

Ended the Mexican American war

Merica paid mexico $15 million for the land and assumed the claims of its citizens against Mexico in the amount of $3,250,000.

$10 million purchase of parts of present-day New Mexico and Arizona

Approved by Senate

Sent to D.C in 1848

Question 18

dred scott

Answer 18

him and his wife harriet were attempting to sue for their freedom

Ruled as a black slave and not a citizen, so he could not sue in court

Justification came from the 5th amendment, forbidding congress of depriving a person of their property without due process of law

Went to congress suing for his rights

Ruling went as far to say that the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional all along

Justification came from 5th amendment

Question 19

James k. polk

Answer 19

Speaker of the house for 2 years, governor of tennessee for two terms and was sponsored by jackson

Acquired california

Restored the independent treasury

Lowered tariff by dropping rate from 32 to 25 and still having a strong revenue

President from 1845-1849

Question 20

tecumseh

Answer 20

A shawnee chief

Formed an alliance with Britain and got weapons from them.

formed a confederacy with other chiefs

Fought with the british in war of 1812

Killed in the war of 1812

Question 21

Kansas Nebraska act

Answer 21

Proposal called for the organization of the Territory of Nebraska into two territories, Kansas and Nebraska.

Slavery status would be decided via popular sovereignty

Proposed by Stephen A. Douglas

Met formidable resistance as it went against the missouri compromise

directly lead to the Civil War by eliminating all future possible compromise

Question 22

John Quincy adams

Answer 22

Ran for presedent in 1824

President from 1825-1829

Henry Clay pushed for Adams to be elected president

Very successful secretary of state-less successful president

Refused to recognize the surge toward states’ rights and sectionalism

Land policy upset Westerneers

Question 23

slavery

Answer 23

American slavery was african american’s being lifelong “servants”

Slaves were severly mistreated

Slavery produced the underground railroad, which was used to help slaves escape
Slavery

Cotton production heavily played into and tied slavery to southern economics
King Cotton caused dependence on slavery

Slaves did not live very long as they were often sick, underfeed, overworked, and lived in horrendous conditions

Question 24

uncle tom’s cabin

Answer 24

Published in 1852

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Goal was to awaken the North to the wickedness of slavery and the cruelty of splitting up families

Used powerful imagery and touching pathos to reveal her message

story weaves accounts and information that Stowe had received from abolitionists and runaway slaves.

Very politically powerful book

Question 25

manifest destiny

Answer 25

Was coined John Louis O’Sullivan

An idea that americans were called by God to move west and conquer america

The idea was a joining of land greed and ideals.

summed up the powerful combination of pride in what America had achieved and missionary zeal and racist attitudes toward other peoples that lay behind the thinking of many expansionists.

People believed they had right to land from “Atlantic to Pacific”

average farmer moved west for land hunger, national pride, plain and simple curiosity, and a sense of adventure