history 2 midterm

Question 1

When was the Italian renaissance and the Northern Renaissance?

Answer 1

Italian: 1500-1600
Northern: 1450-1600

Question 2

The Renaissance was a time of…

Answer 2

-artistic creativity
- political/social/economic/cultural change
- reawakened classical learning about Greece and Rome

Question 3

What does Renaissance mean?

Answer 3

rebirth

Question 4

Where did the Renaissance begin?

Answer 4

Italy (14th century)

Question 5

What was Italy made up of?

Answer 5

City-states (own government)

Question 6

What were the major Italian cities, and what were they known for?

Answer 6

Milan- one of the richest, controlled trade
Venice- attracts trade from all over
Florence- controlled by the DE MEDICI FAMILY (great patrons of the arts)
Genoa- Had access to trade routes

Question 7

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy

Answer 7

• city-states like Florence, Milan, Venice, and Rome were wealthy
• the trade industries were strong
• city-states were led by a powerful/wealthy merchant class who became patrons of art

Question 8

What/who was the Medici family?

Answer 8

• The Medici family ruled Florence during the Italian Renaissance.
• They were some of the richest merchants and bankers in Europe.
• They were great patrons of the arts

Question 9

What did Giovanni de Medici do?

Answer 9

He established the Medici Dynasty.

Question 10

What were the causes of the Renaissance?

Answer 10

• Thriving city-states in Italy (Venice, Milan, Florence)
• Increased trade (result of the Crusades)
• Rise of rich and powerful merchants (Patrons of the Arts)
• Increased desire for scientific/technical knowledge

Question 11

Define humanism.

Answer 11

The study of worldly subjects such as grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric rather than religious subjects

Question 12

What did humanists believe?

Answer 12

• Wanted to study texts and cultures of the Ancient Greeks/Romans to understand current times
• Believed that education should stimulate the individual’s creative powers
• Emphasized individual accomplishement

Question 13

Name some ideas of the Renaissance

Answer 13

• Humanism, Individualism, Secularism.
• Europeans began to focus on art, philosophy and science and explored new ideas

Question 14

What was Individualism?

Answer 14

• They rejected humility
• They encouraged pride and human potential
• They expressed a desire to make a mark on humanity

Question 15

What was Secularism?

Answer 15

• worldly
• Shifted attention away from eternal affairs
• Less emphasis on religious

Question 16

What does the term “Renaissance Man” mean?

Answer 16

• belief that men should embrace all knowledge and become skilled in all things

Question 17

Name important Humanists.

Answer 17

• Petrarch: most influential (father of humanism)
• Machiavelli: wrote “The Prince”
• Castiglione: wrote “The Book of the Courtier”

Question 18

What were patrons of the arts?

Answer 18

Wealthy people hired artists/architects to build palaces and fill them with art.

Question 19

What were the new techniques in art?

Answer 19

• Perspective (making distant objects smaller than those closer)
• Shading (3D effect)
• New oil paints reflected light

Question 20

Who was Jan Van Eck?

Answer 20

• Flemish Renaissance painter
• Painted “The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin”

Question 21

Key characteristic of Renaissance art?

Answer 21

• Realistic portrayals of people/objects
• Use of perspective
• Influence of classical Greece and Rome
• Beauty balance and harmony
• Value of the individual
• Artists studied anatomy and used live models to draw/paint

Question 22

Name Renaissance artists.

Answer 22

• Brunelleschi: developed a technique for linear perspective (built dome of the Florence Cathedral)
• Donatello: Sculptor
• Da Vinci: Painter, sculptor, architect, etc.
• Michelangelo: Sculptor. engineer, painter, etc.
• Raphael: Painter/architect

Question 23

Who created the Printing Press and when was it?

Answer 23

In 1456 Johannes Gutenberg printed the first book (Gutenberg bible)

Question 24

What was the impact of the Printing Revolution?

Answer 24

• Books became cheaper
• Ideas were spread faster
• People gained more knowledge

Question 25

How did the Renaissance spread North?

Answer 25

• Trade (movement of goods north)
• Italian artists fled north to escape war
• Northern scholars traveled south, and returned with humanist ideas
• Printing press (ideas spread quickly)