history 2 midterm Flashcards
When was the Italian renaissance and the Northern Renaissance?
Italian: 1500-1600
Northern: 1450-1600
The Renaissance was a time of…
-artistic creativity
- political/social/economic/cultural change
- reawakened classical learning about Greece and Rome
What does Renaissance mean?
rebirth
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Italy (14th century)
What was Italy made up of?
City-states (own government)
What were the major Italian cities, and what were they known for?
Milan- one of the richest, controlled trade
Venice- attracts trade from all over
Florence- controlled by the DE MEDICI FAMILY (great patrons of the arts)
Genoa- Had access to trade routes
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy
- city-states like Florence, Milan, Venice, and Rome were wealthy
- the trade industries were strong
- city-states were led by a powerful/wealthy merchant class who became patrons of art
What/who was the Medici family?
- The Medici family ruled Florence during the Italian Renaissance.
- They were some of the richest merchants and bankers in Europe.
- They were great patrons of the arts
What did Giovanni de Medici do?
He established the Medici Dynasty.
What were the causes of the Renaissance?
- Thriving city-states in Italy (Venice, Milan, Florence)
- Increased trade (result of the Crusades)
- Rise of rich and powerful merchants (Patrons of the Arts)
- Increased desire for scientific/technical knowledge
Define humanism.
The study of worldly subjects such as grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric rather than religious subjects
What did humanists believe?
- Wanted to study texts and cultures of the Ancient Greeks/Romans to understand current times
- Believed that education should stimulate the individual’s creative powers
- Emphasized individual accomplishement
Name some ideas of the Renaissance
- Humanism, Individualism, Secularism.
- Europeans began to focus on art, philosophy and science and explored new ideas
What was Individualism?
- They rejected humility
- They encouraged pride and human potential
- They expressed a desire to make a mark on humanity
What was Secularism?
- worldly
- Shifted attention away from eternal affairs
- Less emphasis on religious
What does the term “Renaissance Man” mean?
- belief that men should embrace all knowledge and become skilled in all things
Name important Humanists.
- Petrarch: most influential (father of humanism)
- Machiavelli: wrote “The Prince”
- Castiglione: wrote “The Book of the Courtier”
What were patrons of the arts?
Wealthy people hired artists/architects to build palaces and fill them with art.
What were the new techniques in art?
- Perspective (making distant objects smaller than those closer)
- Shading (3D effect)
- New oil paints reflected light
Who was Jan Van Eck?
- Flemish Renaissance painter
- Painted “The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin”
Key characteristic of Renaissance art?
- Realistic portrayals of people/objects
- Use of perspective
- Influence of classical Greece and Rome
- Beauty balance and harmony
- Value of the individual
- Artists studied anatomy and used live models to draw/paint
Name Renaissance artists.
- Brunelleschi: developed a technique for linear perspective (built dome of the Florence Cathedral)
- Donatello: Sculptor
- Da Vinci: Painter, sculptor, architect, etc.
- Michelangelo: Sculptor. engineer, painter, etc.
- Raphael: Painter/architect
Who created the Printing Press and when was it?
In 1456 Johannes Gutenberg printed the first book (Gutenberg bible)
What was the impact of the Printing Revolution?
- Books became cheaper
- Ideas were spread faster
- People gained more knowledge
How did the Renaissance spread North?
- Trade (movement of goods north)
- Italian artists fled north to escape war
- Northern scholars traveled south, and returned with humanist ideas
- Printing press (ideas spread quickly)
