History 2 Exam Flashcards
The U.S. State Department listed _____ interventions by the U.S. government during the 19th century, long before the Spanish-American War.
103
Race was a factor in those advocating an imperialist government policy. Popular writer and lecturer _____________ advocated the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race.
John Fisk
Religion was another factor in understanding U.S. imperialism. Prominent Congregationalist clergyman ____________ wrote “Our Country” in 1885 which called for the spread of the Christian religion abroad.
Josiah Strong
Economics was central to the desire to expand. By 1898 ____% of all American products were sold overseas. In fact, American foreign trade now exceeded every other nation except Great Britain.
10%
U.S. Secretary of State ________________ (1850-52) saw both _______________ and _____________ as stepping stones to the lucrative Chinese market.
Daniel Webster; California and Hawaii
In 1890, Alfred Thayer Mayan published a book which argued the United States should _________________________.
Improve Naval Power
______________ was viewed as the Crossroads of the Pacific, and it was essential to gain access to coaling stations there.
Hawaii
In 1887 the Hawaiian League (a group of American planters, missionaries and businessmen) forced _________________ to accept the Bayonet Constitution.
King David ; Shifted power from monarch to legislature
This man _________ ______became a folk hero after his failed attempt to overthrow the Bayonet Constitution.
Robert Wilcox
In 1890 Americans accounted for ___% of Hawaii’s population but controlled ___ quarters of the nation’s wealth.
10%
3
In 1894 pineapple entrepreneur ______________________ announced the creation of the Rep. of Hawaii
Sanford Dole
General Valeriano Weyler enacted a policy of ____________________ to forcibly move thousands of Cuban civilians into fortified areas.
re-concentration
These two men ____________________ and _______________________, owners of the New York Journal and New York World newspapers embodied yellow journalism.
William Randolph Hearst; Joseph Pulitzer
Yellow journalism was _____________________________.
No legitimate well researched news, exaggerated events, used eye-catching headlines to sell, sensationalism
The U.S.S. _________ exploded in Havana Harbor in February 1898 with many pointing the finger of blame towards the Spanish.
Maine
The report to Congress by Republican Senator _______________ on the terrible conditions inside Cuba furthered calls for American intervention.
Redfield Proctor
This man ___________________ had led a rebellion against Spain in the Philippines since 1896.
Emelio Aguinaldo
The first battle of the Spanish-American war took place at _____________ in the Philippines.
Manila Bay
Assistant Secretary of the Navy ________________ resigned his position to lead the all-volunteer regiment the ________________ as part of the invasion of Cuba.
Teddy roosevelt; “Rough Riders”
The Spanish-American War ended with the Treaty of ___________ on December 10, 1898.
Paris
______________ was president of the Anti-Imperialist League until his death in 1910.
Mark Twain
What was the purpose of Teller Amendment of 1898?
To ensure U.S. won’t remain in Cuba after the war and that there would be no permanent intervention in Cuba
The ____________ Amendment of 1901 effectively made Cuba an American territory.
Platt
In 1900 President McKinley sent judge ________________ to the Philippines to investigate the situation there and to establish a civil government.
William Howard Taft
The ____________ Treaty of 1903 granted the U.S. leasing rights on a strip of land 6 miles wide in the Panama region, but the Columbian Senate rejected the terms of the Treaty and demanded more money.
hay-herran
The Hay-Bunau-Varillla Treaty of 1903 _______________________________.
U.S. control of panama canal construction. U.S. guarantee panama independence
One of the best-known muckrakers was ____________ who wrote _____________ in 1906.
Upton Sinclair; “the Jungle”
This car company _________ launched its popular Model T car in 1908.
Ford
The ____________________ disaster of 1911 in New York City brought widespread attention to dangerous sweatshop conditions in factories.
triangle shirtwaist company
By 1900 ____ million women were employed outside of the home, accounting for 1/5 of all women in the USA.
5
By 1916 one out of every ___ marriages ended in divorce.
9
Formed in 1905, the _____________ Movement, opposed Booker T. Washington’s gradualist approach
Niagara
Birds of passage were ___________________________
Eastern & Southern European migrants (peasants) got money then returned to home
Founded in 1909 this organization _______________ led the fight for equal rights and education for African Americans
NAACP
One of the founders and most prominent leader of the IWW was _________________
What was his nickname?
William Haywood
“Big Bill”
The IWW was founded in 1905 in the city of __________________.
Chicago
The IWW’s goal was to ____________________________________
Organize all workers into one large union eventually try overthrow capitalism.
The city of ________________ in Massachusetts called on the IWW for help in 1912
Lawrence
After the Massachusetts state government intervened the strikers achieved a pay raise of ____%, and the outcome acted as a rallying cry for unorganized workers across the country
25
In 1900 only ___% of the U.S. population was older than 65 compared to 13% nowadays
4
In 1915 this epic silent movie ___________________ helped to inspire the birth of the second Ku Klux Klan
“birth of a nation”
The Women’s Christian Temperance Union led the crusade against _______________
alcohol
The ____ Amendment to the constitution was ratified in 1920, banning ____________
18th; alcohol
Susan B. Anthony founded ___________________________ in 1890
National American women suffrage association
In 1903 President Roosevelt created the Department of _________________ to investigate interstate commerce
commerce and labor
In 1906 the ___________ Act gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to examine railroad business records and to set reasonable shipping rates
Hepburn
In 1906 the ___________________ Act authorized the federal government to police the quality and labelling of food and drugs
pure food and drug
The ____________ Act of 1906 came in response to the novel the Jungle
meat inspection
President Roosevelt intervened personally in the _________________ strike to ensure the welfare of the American people
anthracite coalmine
Secretary of the Interior ______________ argued Roosevelt had exceeded his authority by placing land in forest reserves. The fallout over the protection of wildlife preserves irreparably split the Republican Party
Richard Ballinger
The 16th Amendment to the Constitution authorized _______________________
graduated income tax
In 1912 Teddy Roosevelt decided to run as leader of the newly formed Progressive Party. The new party was nicknamed the ____________ Party
bull moose
The winner of the 1912 Election was ____________________ of the ________________ Party
woodrow wilson; democratic
In the 1912 Election Roosevelt’s New Nationalism platform called for _________________________
strong national government
In the 1912 Election Wilson’s New Freedom policy called for _____________________________________
business competition and small governments
The ___________________ Act of 1913 created 12 regional banks, with a central bank board appointed by the presidency to oversee their activities
federal reserve
The assassination of _____________________ on June 28th 1914 acted as a catalyst for the outbreak of war across Europe
archduke Franz Ferdinand
A long-standing British treaty with this country _______________ since 1839 led Britain to declare war on Germany on August 4th
Belgium
At the start of the war _______________,_____________________, and __________________ made up the Axis Powers
Germany, Austria Hungary, ottoman empire
At the start of the war the Allied Powers were _______________,_______________ and _______________
Britain, France, Russia, Japan
The Schlieffen Plan was ________________________________
German invasion of France and Belgium
The Sussex Pledge of May 1916 meant that Germany would honor __________________
American ship neutrality
The Election of 1916 had Wilson pitted against Republican candidate ___________________
Charles Hughes
The Zimmermann Telegram called for _______________________
Mexican and German alliance against U.S.
An American Expeditionary Force led by General ______________ arrived in France in June 1917
Pershing
This organization __________________, led by George Creek, helped to publicize the war at home
committee on public information
The _________________ Act of 1917 censored the foreign language press
trading with the enemy
Overseen by Bernard Baruch the ______________ Board oversaw production in American factories
war industries
The Food Administration Board, which ensured American troops received adequate food supplies, was led by future president _________________
Herbert Hoover
As part of his 14 Points Woodrow Wilson called for the establishment of a _____________________ that would help prevent future wars
league of naitions
The Big Four who attended the Paris Peace Talks were _________________________________________________________
david lloyd george, woodrow wilson, george clemenceau, vittorio emanuele orlando
The ___ Amendment to the Constitution gave women the right to vote
19th
Flappers were _________________________
women with short hair, short skirts, makeup, smoking, and alcohol
One of the most notorious gangsters of the Prohibition period was ____________ who made $60m a year in Chicago
al capone
U.S Attorney General _________________ predicted a communist upheaval on May 1st 1920 at the height of the Red Scare
Mitchell palmer
The arrest and trial of Italian immigrants _____________ and _________________ caused massive protests in Europe
sacco; vanzetti
To enforce the _____________ Act Congress sent the 18th Amendment to the Constitution to the states for ratification, effectively outlawing alcohol
volstead
The founder of the second KKK was _____________________
william j simmons
The Second KKK waged a war of intimidation against _______________________
African Americans, immigrants, Catholics, Jews, liberals, and progressives
The 1924 National Origins Quota Act limited European immigration to ______ thousand per years, and favored immigrants from ___________ Europe
150; northern and western
The Scopes Trial centered around the teaching of ___________ in schools in Tennessee
evolution
Leading the prosecution against science teacher John Scopes was former presidential candidate ___________________
william jennings bryan
After Warren G. Harding had a heart attack in 1923 his vice-president _________________ took charge of the nation
calvin coolidge
The first ever Roman Catholic presidential candidate was ___________, who ran against Hoover in 1928
al smith
T/F -
Toward the end of the nineteenth century, Manifest Destiny focused on expanding American control over the Middle East and Russia.
False
T/F -
Between 1875 and 1890, sugar from Hawaii could enter the United States duty free.
True
According to your textbook, after the Civil War, Americans generally favored __________ in foreign policy.
Isolationism
How did expansionists justify imperialism in the late nineteenth century?
They sought to spread their Christian and democratic beliefs to other parts of the world.
What was a tenet of “The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783”?
A powerful navy was essential for protecting national interests and developing global commerce.
Many Americans in the late nineteenth century believed that the __________ race was superior and other races, like that of the __________, were inferior
Anglo-Saxon; Indians
The cash crop that made Hawaii valuable to the United States was
Sugarcane
The Hawaiian ruler Queen Liliuokalani tried to do which of the following in the early 1890s?
Restrict the growing political power of America in the islands
What was a reason why the United States intervened in the Cuban War for Independence?
Americans, ironically, were incensed by the brutal imperialism Spain exercised over Cuba.
Which of the following characterized yellow journalism, the type of newspaper reporting that appeared during the Spanish-American War (War of 1898)?
Sensationalism meant to affect public opinion
What is the name of the U.S. battleship that famously sank in Havana Harbor in 1898?
The Maine
The Teller Amendment, when added to the declaration of war on Spain, denied any U.S. intention to annex
Cuba
Why has the Spanish-American War been renamed the War of 1898?
In the last phase of the war, Spain and the United States were on the same side.
__________ was the leader of the Filipino nationalists during the War of 1898.
Emilio Aguinaldo
The Philippines received their independence from the United States in what year?
1946
Who created the “Open Door” policy stating that China should remain open to European and American trade?
John Hay
Once Theodore Roosevelt became president, his motto became
“Speak softly, and carry a big stick.”
In 1905, President Roosevelt helped negotiate a peace settlement between
Japan and Russia
T/F -
Progressives generally believed government should not interfere with big business
False
This belief during the Progressive Era persuaded followers to pursue their ideals to bring about the coming of the “Kingdom of God.”
Social Gospel
The biggest problem progressivism faced during the Progressive Era was:
The regulation of Big Business
Why was the 1902 coal strike significant?
Roosevelt intervened personally
Which of the following statements best describes President Wilson?
He found it hard to understand and work with people who did not agree with him.
T/F -
Whereas Theodore Roosevelt’s New Nationalism plan wanted to eliminate trusts, Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom plan wanted to regulate them
False
Wilson wanted to eliminate them and Roosevelt wanted to regulate them
T/F -
Lincoln Steffens was a leading muckraker and sought to make democracy more democratic.
True
T/F -
The popular election of senators required a constitutional amendment
True
Why did progressivism eventually fade around 1916?
The conflicts of the Great War to the forefront of American concerns, surpassing domestic issues
President Wilson argued that women’s suffrage
Should be enacted by the States
Woodrow Wilson won the election of 1912 because
Split in the Republican party
Because of the Roosevelt-Taft feud, Theodore Roosevelt decided to
break a pledge he had made to not seek another term in office
The first monopoly broken up by President Theodore Roosevelt was
Northern Securities Company
Which of the following would have been considered the average, most common progressive activists during the Progressive period?
Christian moralists
T/F -
The Great War lasted less than two years and saw about 1 million deaths.
False
T/F -
Weapons of the Great War included machine guns, armored tanks, flame throwers, and land mines.
True
Trench warfare was
a method that rewarded the side who lasted the longest.
The stated purpose of the Food Administration during the Great War was to
reduce civilian food consumption.
The “Great Migration” refers to
African Americans moving from the South to the North during the war
During the Great War, the Espionage and Sedition Acts
stifled free speech by forbidding public criticism of politicians and war policies.
Who was the last tsar to rule in Russia before the Bolshevik Revolution?
Nicholas II
With the signing of the Treaty of __________, Russia ended its involvement in the Great War.
Brest-Litovsk
__________ are the payment of money for war damages
Reparations
T/F -
The Revenue Act of 1916 provided for the expansion of the U.S. army.
False
T/F -
In 1917, the sinking of U.S. vessels by German submarines in the North Atlantic directly led to Wilson’s call for a formal declaration of war.
True
President Wilson believed that the keystone to ensuring lasting world peace was
the League of Nations.
__________ and __________ wanted Germany to pay for the entire financial cost of the war.
Great Britain; France
Beginning in 1918, __________ killed millions of people worldwide and became a pandemic in the United States.
the Spanish flu
The __________ rewarded women who had worked so hard during the Great War with the right to vote.
Nineteenth Amendment
Fears of revolution were so widespread in postwar America that the U.S. attorney general created a government division to collect information on radicals headed by
J. Edgar Hoover.
T/F -
The Roaring Twenties pitted a cosmopolitan urban America against the values of an insular, rural America.
True
What helped drive the mass production of the 1920s?
Effective marketing tactics
According to your textbook, what was the most significant economic and social development of the early twentieth century?
The automobile
Ford’s Highland Park plant revolutionized the industrial process by
creating a moving assembly line method.
In addition to the nickname “the Roaring Twenties,” the 1920s have also been labeled the
Jazz Age.
Who was the founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, who W. E. B. Du Bois called the “most dangerous enemy of the Negro race”?
Marcus Garvey
Why was the Red Scare significant?
It created anti-immigrant hysteria in the wake of the end of the Great War.
The infamous ___________ case occurred amid terror attacks by anarchists, was overseen by a very biased judge, and resulted in the conviction and execution of two working-class immigrants
Sacco and Vanzetti
Which of the following lowered the number of allowed immigrants from European nations to 2 percent of the number who lived in the United States as reported in the 1890 census
Immigration Act of 1924
Which of the following statements about the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s is accurate?
It targeted groups such as Catholics and Jews as well as African Americans.
The _______ Trial is a classic example of modernism versus fundamentalism.
Scopes
Which of the following is one of the reasons that Prohibition failed
Organized crime provided a steady supply of liquor.
When President Harding died, he was replaced by
Calvin Coolidge.
What best explains U.S. citizens’ overwhelming support for Coolidge in 1924?
The economy was going great, so citizens felt it would make sense to keep him on as president.
When Coolidge chose not to run for a second term of his own, the Republicans nominated
Herbert Hoover.
T/F -
The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was mainly a southern rural organization.
False
T/F -
During the 1920s, the ideas of scientists about the nature of the universe inspired modernist artists to try new techniques
True
T/F -
Spectator sports contributed to the rise of mass culture in the 1920s
True
T/F -
In the 1920s many investors bought stocks on margin—that is, with borrowed funds.
True
Economists call a marked slowdown in economic growth a…
Recession
What was Europe’s role in the Great Depression?
Many European nations had not recovered from World War I and had high debts.
Who did the Great Depression effect?
People of all classes and backgrounds.
In response to the crises of the Great Depression, states deported hundreds of thousands of __________ and __________.
Mexican Americans; their American-born children
According to your textbook, what was the initial response of the Hoover administration to the Great Depression?
The Hoover administration denied the problem.
President Hoover believed the best ways to help the needy during the Great Depression were __________ and __________.
self-reliance; voluntarism
What did Franklin Delano Roosevelt do throughout the presidential campaign of 1932?
He repeatedly promised a bold new deal for the American people.
The purpose of the Emergency Banking Relief Act was to?
restore confidence in American banks.
The Twenty-First Amendment, passed in 1933, allowed…
Americans to drink alcohol again.
What did the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) do?
It hired young people to perform reforestation and conservation work.
The Louisiana native known as the “Kingfish” who criticized President Roosevelt was?
Huey P. Long.
T/F -
During the Great Depression, a thousand Americans per day lost their homes to foreclosure.
True
T/F -
At one point during the Great Depression, states passed laws prohibiting the employment of married women.
True
T/F -
The AAA required farmers to donate surplus crops and livestock to feed the poor.
False
T/F -
By the end of 1936, the Supreme Court had proven itself an enemy of Roosevelt’s New Deal
True
T/F -
The Wagner Act helped dramatically boost union membership.
True
Because the Great Depression was especially hard on American senior citizens and those with disabilities, the Second New Deal included the…
Social Security Act.
The first woman cabinet member in American history was…
Frances Perkins.
In 1937, President Roosevelt tried to add six new justices to the Supreme Court. Why?
He wanted to change the court’s makeup to aid his policies.
