HISTORY

Question 1

Study of a host’s reaction when foreign substances are introduced into the body

Answer 1

Immunology

Question 2

Foreign substances that induce an immnue response

Answer 2

Antigen

Question 3

Roots in the study of immunity, wherein it is the condition of being resistant to infections

Answer 3

Science

Question 4

He observe the plague in Athens that individuals who had previously contracted the disease recovered (“immune” status)

Answer 4

Thucydides (430 BC)

Question 5

Inhaling dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions

Answer 5

Chinese (1000 AD)

Question 6

In this practice, they deliberately expose the individual to the material from smallpox lesions.This practice is known as

Answer 6

Variolation (Chinese, 1000 AD)

Question 7

The theory was if an healthy individual was exposed to a child or young adult, the eof the disease would minimize. However, it is not always the case

Answer 7

Variolation (Chinese, 1000 AD)

Question 8

Powdered smallpox “crusts” were inserted with a pin into the skin

Answer 8

15 Century; Inoculation

Question 9

An English docotor who spearheaded the vaccination.

Answer 9

Edward Jenner (1700s)

Question 10

He discovered a relationship between exposure to cowpox and immunity to smallpox.

Answer 10

Edward Jenner (1700s)

Question 11

He observed Milkmaid who are exposed to cowpox had apparent immunity to smallpox.

Answer 11

Edward Jenner (1700s)

Question 12

He injected individuals with materials from a cowpox lesion and then exposed them to smallpox.

Answer 12

Edward Jenner (1700s)

Question 13

He proved immunity to cowpox which is a very mild disease, and provided protection tosmallpox.

Answer 13

Edward Jenner (1700s)

Question 14

Late___________ turned to identifying the actual mechanism that would produce immunity to the host.

Answer 14

1800’s scientists

Question 15

A Russian scientist whwo discovered phagocytosis

Answer 15

Eli Metchnikoff

Question 16

He observed that foreign objects introduced into to your starcells that would attempt to destroy the invaders

Answer 16

Eli Metchnikoff

Question 17

He hypothesized that the immunity of disease was based on the action of scavenger cells

Answer 17

Eli Metchnikoff

Question 18

He was the one who coined the term phagocytosis

Answer 18

Eli Metchnikoff

Question 19

Considered as the Father of Immunology

Answer 19

Louis Pasteur

Question 20

He was the one who discovered the first attenuated vaccine

Answer 20

Louis Pasteur

Question 21

He was the T figure in the development of both microbiology and immunology

Answer 21

Louis Pasteur

Question 22

Discovered Complement

Answer 22

Jules Bordet (1894)

Question 23

Discovered precipitins

Answer 23

Robert Kaus (1897)

Question 24

First immunology related Nobel Prize for his work on serum therapy

Answer 24

Emil Alolf von Behring (1901)

Question 25

He discovered that Immune response involved both **cellular and humoral elements**

Answer 25

Almoth Wright (1903)

Question 26

He link two theories by showing that the immune response consisted of both cellular andhumoral elements

Answer 26

Almoth Wright (1903)

Question 27

He observed that there are certain humoral or circulating factors that were called opsonins that○ acted on bacteria and coated them to become more susceptible to phagocytosis.

Answer 27

Almoth Wright (1903)

Question 28

Almoth Wright (1903) discovered that, the serum factors include specic proteins known as the _________ and non-specic factors called __________ which increase during infection

Answer 28

antibodies; acute phase reactants

Question 29

What year was T cell receptor genes discovered?

Answer 29

1984

Question 30

He won the Nobel prize for the discovery of the genetic principles underlying the generation antibodies with dierent specicities

Answer 30

Susumu Tonegawa (1987)

Question 31

What year was smallpox vaccination discovered?

Answer 31

1798 (Edward Jenner)

Question 32

What year was phagocytosis discovered?

Answer 32

1862 (Ernst Haeckel)

Question 33

What year was live, attenuated chicken cholera and anthrax vaccines discovered?

Answer 33

1880-1881 (Louis Pasteur)

Question 34

What year was cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis discovered?

Answer 34

1883-1905 (Elie Metchnikoff)

Question 35

What year was the therapeutic vaccination First report of live "attenuated" vaccine for rabies discovered?

Answer 35

1885 (Louis Pasteur)

Question 36

What year was Humoral theory of immunity proposed?

Answer 36

1890 (Emil Von Bohring, Kitasato Shibasaburō)

Question 37

What year was demonstration of cutaneous (Delayed-type) hypersensitivity discovered?

Answer 37

1891 (Robert Koch)

Question 38

What year was antibody formation theory proposed?

Answer 38

1900 (Paul Ehrlich)

Question 39

What year was Iimmediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis discovered?

Answer 39

1902 (Paul Portier, Charles Richet)

Question 40

What year was arthus reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity discovered?

Answer 40

1903 (Maurice Arthus)

Question 41

What year was hypothesis of antigen-antibody binding discovered?

Answer 41

1938 (John Richardson Marrack)

Question 42

What year was Hypothesis of allograft rejection discovered?

Answer 42

1944

Question 43

What year was polio vaccine developed?

Answer 43

1849 (Jonas Salk, Albert Bruce Sabin)

Question 44

What year was vaccine against yellow fever discovered?

Answer 44

1961 (Walter Reed)

Question 45

What year was Graft-versus-host reaction discovered?

Answer 45

1963

Question 46

What year was Clonal selection theory proposed?

Answer 46

1967 (Macfarlene Burnet)

Question 47

What year was Interferon discovered?

Answer 47

1957

Question 48

What year was Human leukocyte antigens (HLAS) discovered?

Answer 48

1958-1962

Question 49

What year was T-cell and B-cell cooperation in immune response discovered?

Answer 49

1964-1968

Question 50

What year was the Identication of antibody molecule discovered?

Answer 50

1972

Question 51

What year was the first monoclonal antibodies discovered?

Answer 51

1975 (Georges J.F. Köhler)

Question 52

What year was the Identication of genes for T cell receptor discovered?

Answer 52

1985-1987

Question 53

What year was the Monoclonal hepatitis B vaccine discovered?

Answer 53

1986

Question 54

What year was the Th1 versus Th2 model of T helper cell function discovered?

Answer 54

1966 (Mossmann)

Question 55

What year was the Identication of to 1-1 ke receptors discovered?

Answer 55

1996-1998

Question 56

What year was the FOXPS, the gene directing regulatory T cell development discovered?

Answer 56

2001

Question 57

What year was the human papillomavirus vaccine developed?

Answer 57

2005 ( Ian Frazer)