History Flashcards
How did Ivan III and Ivan IV change the Russian government (increase or decrease power of monarchy and nobles)
By centralizing authority and weakening the boyars influence.
How did Mongol rule negatively impact Russia
By imposing heavy taxes, causing economic strain, isolating Russia from western Europe, leading to destruction through raids, and causing political fragmentation.
How did the Black Death in Europe affect prices
The black death led to higher wages due to labor shortages and lover prices for many goods due to decreased demand.
How did the black death in europe affect fuedalism
By causing labor shortages, which gave peasants more power to demand better wages and conditions, undermining the system.
How did the black death in europe affect population
black death killed about ⅓ of the population.
What did Wycliffe do that the Church saw as a threat
Wycliffe translated the bible into english and criticized the church’s wealth and practices.
What happened in France as a result of the Hundred Years’ War
Population decline, economic devastation, centralized royal power, rise in national identity, military innovations.
What happened in France as a result of the Hundred Years’ War monarchy and power
Made monarchy stronger and more unified
What happened in France as a result of the Hundred Years’ War nationalism
Increased national identity, unity against a common enemy, stronger sense of being French
What happened in France as a result of the Hundred Years’ War english lands
Loss of almost all english territories in France & end of english claims to french lands
List the other names of the Bubonic Plague
Black death, Black Plague
Where did the plague begin (continent and country)
Asia, specifically China
What are buboes and where are they located
Boboes are swollen inflamed lymph nodes. They are usually around the armpit, neck or groin)
In what year did Bubonic Plauge reach Italy
1347
How did it arrive in europe
fleas on rats
which ships brought it
genoese trading ships
Recognize the few European areas that escaped the huge death toll from the plague
Poland, Milan, Belgium
Which group was blamed and persecuted unfairly
Jews
What did doctors wear and why
Long overcoat, mask with eye opening and beak with herbs, leather gloves and boots, brimmed hat, wooden cane. They wore this to protect themselves from the disease.
Most deadly plague
septicemic plague
most common plague
bubonic plague
best chance of survival
pneumonic plague
symptoms of plague
Bubonic - enlarged lymph nodes. Puenomic - slimy snot with blood. Septicemic - high fever and skin turning deep shades of purple.
Feudalism declines why
By causing labor shortages, which gives peasants more power to demand better wages and conditions, undermining the system.
What happens to prices
Led to higher wages due to labor shortages and lower prices for many goods due to decreased demand.
Why worker shortage and what this allowed peasants to do
peasants revolted
why peasant revolts
Because of labor shortages, which increased their bargaining power.
loss of faith from plague
They believed God was punishing them. Church loses prestige
Place the following events in Chronological order – Bubonic Plague, Council of Constance, Batu Khan conquers Russia, Clement V moves to Avignon
1) Batu Khan conquers Russia (1237-1240)
2) Clement V moves to Avignon (1309)
3) Bubonic Plague (1347-1351)
4) Council of Constance (1414-1418)
Importance of Council of Constance
It ended the western schism by unifying the papacy and condemned Jan Hus for heresy.
Who captured Pope Boniface viii
agents of philip iv
What two countries fought in the Hundred Years War
england and france
english king that started it
King Edward III
Only english land left in France at the end
Calais
How long it lasted
116 years
What two new weapons were used to propel armies to victory during the Hundred Years’ War
Longbow and cannon
Slavs
Expanded to southern russia. lived in small villages and had thriving trade with constantinople.
Mongols
largest land empire
Genghis Khan
leader who united the mongols. his mounted bowmen overran lands from china to eastern europe.
Batu Khan
Led mongol armies into China
Ivan III
Brought much of northern Russia under his rule. Built framework for absolute rule. Tried to limit the power of boyars.
Ivan IV
1st Russian ruler crowned tsar. He continued to centralize power in his own hands, developing a secret group that terrorized members of the hereditary or nobility. Ivan the Terrible.
Vladimir
Olga’s grandson. gets Russia to convert to christianity and spread it to all.
Olga
princess of Kiev who converted to byzantine christianity
Yaroslav
issued a written code. He translated greek words into his language. Also known as Yaroslav the wise.
John Wycliffe
preaches Jesus Christ was head of the church not the pope. The Church reformed from england.
Jan Hus
Tried for heresy and burned at the stake. Taught bible was authority, not pope
Philip IV
had conflict with Pope Boniface VIII.
Edward III
started hundred years war
Caffa
Ships from this black sea port city brought the Plague to Europe.
Sicily
Where in Italy the plague first arrived.
Moscow
Religious and political center of Russia.
Kiev
Where Rus settled. Capital of medieval russia.
Calais
The only English land holding in France at the end of the hundred years war.
Avignon
Where in France the papacy moves for 70 years.
steppe
dry, sparse grassland
heresy
Holding beliefs that go against religious doctrines.
golden horde
invaders that looted & burned Kiev.
czar
russian ruler
boyar
great landowning nobles
oprichniki
Agents of terror who enforced the tsar’s will. slaughtered rebellious boyars and sacked towns where people were suspected of disloyalty.
appanage
Land/income given to a royal family member.
Kynaz
slavic noble title
schism
church split
cyrillic
slavic alphabet
boniface VIII
had conflict with king Philip IV
Clement V
The pope that moved the seat of the church from Romeo to Avignon in 1305. Russia converts to christianity.
Clement VII
Urban VI and him excommunicate each other.
Martin V
Pope chosen to end the great schism.
Urban VI
Italian pope. French cardinals did not like him & elected their own pope.
Ural
Russia is located to the west of these mountains
Volga
Flows through Russia to the caspian sea. Good for trade.
Dnieper
All Kiev citizens were baptized in this river when Russia converted to christianity.
Black
Sea where dnieper empties too
caspian
sea that the volga empties too
