History Flashcards
What is a stakeholder?
A stakeholder is any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives.
Edward Freeman, 1984. Referenced in Stakeholders: Theory and Practice by Friedman and Miles.
What is community?
A community is a group of two or more people that have been able to accept and transcend their differences, enabling them to communicate effectively and work together for the common good.
Foundation for Community Engagement.
What is community engagement?
Community engagement broadly captures public processes where the general public and other interested parties contribute to proposals or policy changes, involving active exchanges of information and viewpoints.
New South Wales Government, Australia, Department of Planning & Environment.
What is social capital?
Social capital is the ability of people to work together for common purposes in groups, organizations, and communities, characterized by trust, communication, and norms.
Coleman, 1989; Putnam, 1993 in Neace, 1999, p.150.
What does public participation mean?
Public participation means involving those affected by a decision in the decision-making process, promoting sustainable decisions by providing necessary information.
International Association of Public Participation (IAP2).
What are partnerships in stakeholder engagement?
Partnerships are collaborative relationships with a shared sense of purpose involving key stakeholders focused on an agreed outcome, based on mutual trust and respect.
State Government of Victoria, Department of Education and Early Childhood Development.
Who is considered the founding father of stakeholder theory?
Edward Freeman is considered the founding father of stakeholder theory, known for his book Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach published in 1984.
What are the three areas of theory that stakeholder engagement draws upon?
Stakeholder engagement draws upon business and society, stakeholder theory, and strategic relationships.
Andriof and Waddock, Unfolding Stakeholder Engagement Vol. 1.
What are the four subsets of stakeholder theory classified by Donaldson and Preston?
The four subsets are descriptive, instrumental, normative, and broadly managerial stakeholders.
