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Virtual reality > history > Flashcards

history Flashcards

questions

1
Q

What is a stereoscopic display?

A

A display that shows a different view of the scene to each eye, creating a sense of depth in the brain.

This technique is combined with depth levels and various shading techniques to enhance immersion.

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2
Q

What does motion tracking enable in VR?

A

It allows the environment to be viewed in 360° degrees by tracking head movements using sensors on the HMD.

The computer estimates which part of the environment to render based on sensor information.

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3
Q

What are the main components of a VR setup?

A
  • HMD (Head Mounted Display)
  • Controllers
  • Sensors

These components work together to create an immersive VR experience.

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4
Q

What is the difference between passive and interactive virtual reality environments?

A
  • Passive environment: User is only an observer
  • Interactive environment: User can interact with the environment

Interaction is crucial for immersion in VR.

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5
Q

What are controllers in VR?

A

Input devices that allow users to create actions in a virtual environment using buttons and sensors.

They can also provide feedback, such as vibrations.

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6
Q

What function do VR gloves serve?

A
  • Input device: Enables natural interaction
  • Output device: Provides sensation of touch

VR gloves enhance the immersive experience by allowing users to interact more naturally.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of a treadmill in VR?

A

To simulate the user’s movement through the virtual environment, giving the sensation of actually moving.

This adds to the realism and immersion of the VR experience.

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8
Q

Define position tracking in VR.

A

Tracking the position of the HMD, controller, or other input objects in Euclidean space.

It is crucial for creating an immersive experience.

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9
Q

What are the two approaches to optical tracking?

A
  • Inside-out tracking: Camera on the moving object
  • Outside-in tracking: Static cameras tracking a moving object

Each approach has different applications and requirements.

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10
Q

What is sensor fusion?

A

Combining data from multiple sensors and tracking algorithms to improve accuracy of position and orientation.

This technique reduces delay and improves the overall user experience.

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11
Q

True or False: Eye tracking is used to enhance rendering efficiency in VR.

A

True

Foveated rendering reduces the rendering workload by lowering image quality in peripheral vision.

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12
Q

What are common symptoms of VR sickness?

A
  • Discomfort
  • Headache
  • Urge to vomit
  • Dizziness
  • Disorientation

VR sickness can occur without real movement.

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13
Q

What are potential causes of VR sickness?

A
  • Eye strain
  • Refresh rate lag
  • Vergence-accommodation conflict
  • Visual-vestibular mismatch

These factors can lead to discomfort during VR use.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of adding a static frame in VR to combat sickness?

A

To provide a point of reference for the user, enhancing stability in the virtual environment.

This can help mitigate feelings of disorientation.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: A simulated experience that can be similar to the real world or completely different is known as _______.

A

[Virtual Reality]

VR allows users to be part of the experience rather than just observers.

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16
Q

What was the significance of the year 1987 in VR history?

A

John Lanier coined the term ‘virtual reality’.

This marked a pivotal moment in the formalization of the concept.

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17
Q

What are the core design principles in VR?

A
  • Visual
  • UI/UX
  • Locomotion
  • Sound
  • Social
  • Presence

These principles guide the development of immersive VR experiences.

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18
Q

What locomotion schemes are commonly used in VR?

A
  • Teleportation
  • Joystick
  • Stationary / Room Scale
  • Gesture / Action Based
  • Specialized Hardware

Each scheme has its own advantages and is chosen based on the VR experience desired.

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19
Q

What does ‘screen space’ refer to in the context of VR?

A

Attached to the user’s perspective (non-diegetic)

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20
Q

What do users feel in relation to velocity in VR?

A

Changes in velocity, not velocity itself

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21
Q

What are the primary applications of VR?

A
  • Gaming/Entertainment
  • Simulation/Training
  • 360 Content
  • Telepresence
  • Visualization
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22
Q

What makes gaming in VR different from traditional gaming?

A
  • Immersion
  • Presence
  • Room-Scale
  • Interactive
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23
Q

What is ‘phantom limb pain’ in a medical context?

A

Sensations that an individual experiences relating to a limb or an organ that is not physically part of the body

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24
Q

How does VR help with exposure therapy for phobias?

A

By allowing patients to confront their fears in a safe and controlled environment

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25
Q

What is the purpose of VR in industrial driving simulators?

A

To enable users to see all of the virtual environment, not just the view in front of them

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26
Q

What is the use of VR in the aerospace sector?

A

Training astronauts for spacewalks at NASA’s Johnson Space Center

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27
Q

What is ‘telepresence’?

A

Virtual collaboration across various fields such as business, medical, social, and judicial

28
Q

What are ‘360 videos’?

A

Videos where you can see all around you, captured using a 360 camera

29
Q

What is the difference between monoscopic and stereoscopic 360 video?

A
  • Monoscopic: Uses one camera, flat 2D image
  • Stereoscopic: Uses two cameras, provides depth and three-dimensionality
30
Q

What is ‘ambisonics’ in audio format?

A

A full-sphere surround sound format capturing sound directionality, including height information

31
Q

What is the main focus of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)?

A

The design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use

32
Q

What does ‘usability’ refer to?

A

The extent to which a user can use a system, product, or service to achieve goals effectively and efficiently

33
Q

List the ten usability heuristics according to Jakob Nielsen.

A
  • Visibility of system status
  • Match between system and the real world
  • User control and freedom
  • Consistency and standards
  • Error prevention
  • Recognition rather than recall
  • Flexibility and efficiency of use
  • Aesthetic and minimalist design
  • Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors
  • Help and documentation
34
Q

What is the process of User-Centered Design (UCD)?

A
  • User research
  • Design - Prototype
  • Iterate implementation
  • Evaluate
35
Q

What does the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model focus on?

A

Factors affecting users’ acceptance and use of technology

36
Q

What are the potential negative implications of AR/VR?

A
  • Online anonymity leading to cyber-bullying
  • Escapism from the real world
  • Information overload affecting focus
37
Q

What is the significance of interaction in HCI?

A

A two-way process linked to human intention to use the device and its functionality

38
Q

What is the goal of UX professionals?

A

To build new applications, products, and services with the user in focus

39
Q

Fill in the blank: ‘Interaction Design (ID) is about ______.’

A

[shaping digital things for people’s use]

40
Q

True or False: VR movies use the 360 space around the viewer.

41
Q

What are some examples of VR applications in education?

A
  • AR Textbooks
  • Mission ISS Simulator
  • Virtual Housing Tours
42
Q

What should be considered in XR design?

A
  • Make Onboarding Simple
  • Keep It Predictable
  • Leave Clues
  • Make the Experience Useful
  • Delight the User, but Keep them Grounded
  • Design for a Diverse Set of Users
43
Q

What is the primary focus of UX evaluation for games?

A

User surveys

44
Q

What type of scale is commonly used in user surveys?

A

Likert scale with 5 or 7 levels

45
Q

What statistical measures are important in user surveys?

A
  • Central tendency
  • Distribution
  • Average values
  • Frequencies
46
Q

What is the importance of visualization in user surveys?

47
Q

What is a case study mentioned in relation to user surveys?

A

Crvena stijena case study

48
Q

What does ‘ED’ stand for in the user survey data?

A

Educational data

49
Q

What does ‘IM’ stand for in the user survey data?

A

Implementation metrics

50
Q

What does ‘EE’ stand for in the user survey data?

A

Experiential evaluation

51
Q

What can be concluded about user engagement from the survey data?

A

High scores in engagement metrics indicate positive user experiences.

52
Q

What does ‘baking’ refer to in the context of Unity 3D lighting?

A

Calculation of complex static lighting effects

53
Q

What are the two types of illumination in Unity 3D?

A
  • Real-time illumination
  • Precomputed illumination
54
Q

What are the primary types of lights available in Unity 3D?

A
  • Point light
  • Spot light
  • Directional light
  • Area light
  • Ambient light
  • Emissive materials
55
Q

What is ambient light in Unity 3D?

A

Light present throughout the scene that does not come from a specific source

56
Q

What is the purpose of light probes in Unity?

A

To capture and use information about light passing through empty space

57
Q

What is a skybox in Unity?

A

A rendering technique that creates the illusion of a realistic sky around the scene

58
Q

What types of textures can be used to create a skybox?

A
  • .hdr
  • .jpg
  • .png
59
Q

What is the role of reflection probes in Unity?

A

To sample the virtual environment for reflection effects

60
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is used for ambient lighting in Unity.

61
Q

True or False: Real-time lighting in Unity does not require recalculation during operation.

62
Q

What is the difference between baked and real-time reflection probes?

A
  • Baked: precalculated and static
  • Real-time: calculated dynamically
63
Q

What is an example of a lighting technique that creates rich global illumination in Unity?

A

Precomputed real-time GI

64
Q

What parameters must Unity know to calculate the shading of a 3D object?

A
  • Intensity
  • Direction
  • Color of the light
65
Q

What is the impact of well-placed lighting in computer graphics?

A

Contributes to the reality of the scene, overall atmosphere, and user experience

Virtual reality (1 decks)

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